NEURAL DEVELOPMENT--INTERCELLULAR AND HUMORAL CONTROL

五个参与的研究小组在以下方面有共同的兴趣 理解细胞间和激素的重要性和作用机制 调控胚胎后发育和可塑性的信号 神经元。在过去的八年中，这些组织之间的合作不断加强 几年来，双方越来越关注控制 神经系统内的发育可塑性导致了 该计划项目的出现和持续成功。在这些人中 这些实验室代表的研究领域是；作用和 短距离和接触介导的细胞间影响机制 在神经发育中；受激素调节的胚胎后分化 运动神经元和中间神经元的重塑；超微结构和 包膜神经系统中突触形成的生理学方面； 胶质细胞在大鼠脑内神经纤维束发育中的作用 中枢神经系统；类固醇激素的分子机制 神经元发育的调控。参赛者将登上 多学科、高度协作的机制调查 潜在的激素和跨细胞的生存和调节 胚胎后生命中神经细胞的发育。具体地说， 五个组分项目包括：(1)基因的分子机制 类固醇激素的调节及其对类固醇敏感的特性 基因；(2)中枢神经系统胶质细胞的形态和生物物理发育； 它们通过跨细胞相互作用进行调节；(3)类固醇-激素 原代细胞中已鉴定运动神经元的发育调控 培养；(4)类固醇激素反应的分子和遗传分析 基因及其在中枢神经系统发育中的作用；以及(5)细胞相互作用和 调节初级嗅觉发育的分子机制 中间。所有被提议的研究都是基于无脊椎动物的使用。 经济、容易获得并可用于实验的模型系统 有利的。因为许多人对它们进行了广泛的研究 调查人员，包括这个项目的参与者， 在拟议的研究中使用的昆虫制剂特别好 理解并支持这些实验。具体地说，Manduca 提供极佳的生理和荷尔蒙机制，而 果蝇提供了一系列强大的分子和遗传方法。 发展的基本机制在进化过程中是保守的。 因此，我们预计，在这些项目中获得的关于 昆虫的神经和肌肉发育将阐明相关 包括人类在内的其他动物身上的现象。

The five participating research groups share a common interest in understanding the importance and mechanisms of intercellular and hormonal signals that regulate the postembryonic development and plasticity of neurons. Growing collaboration among these groups over the past eight years and increasing mutual focus on the mechanisms that control developmental plasticity within the nervous system have led to the emergence and continued success of this Program Project. Among the research areas represented by these laboratories are; the roles and mechanisms of short-distance and contact-mediated intercellular influences in neural development; hormonally regulated, postembryonic differentiation and remodeling of motor neurons and interneurons; ultrastructural and physiological aspects of synapse formation in d enveloping neural systems; the role of glial cells in the development of organized neuropil in the central nervous system; and molecular mechanisms of steroid hormone regulation of neuronal development. The participants will mount multidisciplinary, highly collaborative investigations of mechanisms underlying hormonal and trans-cellular regulation of the survival and development of nerve cells during postembryonic life. Specifically, the five component projects include: (1) molecular mechanisms of gene regulation by steroid hormones and characterization of steroid-sensitive genes; (2) morphological and biophysical development of CNS glial cells and their regulation by trans-cellular interactions; (3) steroid-hormonal regulation of development of identified motor neurons in primary cell culture; (4) molecular and genetic analysis of steroid hormone responsive genes and their roles in CNS development; and (5) cellular interactions and molecular mechanisms regulating the development of a primary olfactory center. All of the proposed studies are based on the use of invertebrate model systems that are economical, readily available, and experimentally favorable. Because they have been extensively studied by many investigators, including the participants in this program project, the insect preparations to be used in the proposed studies are especially well understood and favorable for these experiments. Specifically, Manduca offers excellent access to physiological and hormonal mechanisms, whereas Drosophila offers a powerful array of molecular and genetic approaches. The basic mechanisms of development have been conserved during evolution. We expect, therefore, that information obtained in these projects about neural and muscular development in insects will illuminate related phenomena in other animals including human beings.