ORDINAL AND CARDINAL NUMERICAL COMPETENCE OF MACAQUES

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：数字能力 将研究恒河猴的动物模型， 数字的非语言表示。 本次研究将重点 关于猴子判断物体序数和基数的能力 熟悉和不熟悉的数字的新例子。 顺序能力 将在实验中进行评估，在这些实验中，猴子首先接受 在列表学习范例中的数字1 - 4。 他们随后将 对训练数字1 - 4的样本进行成对判断测试 以及未经训练的数字5 - 9。 不会提供任何加固 在用新的数字5 - 9测试期间。 这将提供一个基础， 确定猴子是否有数量的序数表示。 基本能力将在第二系列实验中进行研究， 广泛使用的样本匹配范式的变体。 受试者将 需要通过选择物理上不同的选择来匹配样本 包含与样品相同数量的元素的刺激，即，到 仅根据基数进行匹配。 反应时间数据将 分析猴子如何表示序数和基数的模型， 并评估迄今未经证实的说法， 所有非人类的数字歧视

DESCRIPTION (adapted from applicant's abstract): The numerical competence of rhesus monkeys will be investigated to provide an animal model of the non-linguistic representation of number. The proposed research will focus on the ability of monkeys to determine the ordinal and cardinal values of novel exemplars of familiar and unfamiliar numerosities. Ordinal competence will be assessed in experiments in which monkeys are first trained on the numerosities 1-4 in a list learning paradigm. They will subsequently be tested on pair-wise judgements of exemplar of the trained numerosities 1-4 and of the untrained numerosities 5-9. No reinforcement will be provided during tests with the novel numerosities 5-9. That will provide a basis for determining if monkeys have an ordinal representation of numerosity. Cardinal competence will be studied in a second series of experiments with a variation of the widely used matching-to-sample paradigm. Subjects will be required to match the sample by selecting a physically distinct choice stimulus that contains the same number of elements as the sample, i.e., to match solely on the basis of cardinal number. Reaction time data will be analyzed to model how monkeys represent ordinal and cardinal numerosities, and to evaluate the hitherto unsubstantiated claim that subitizing accounts for all non-human numerical discriminations.