ORDINAL AND CARDINAL NUMERICAL COMPETENCE OF MACAQUES

描述(改编自申请者摘要)：算术能力 将对恒河猴进行研究，以提供一个动物模型 数字的非语言表示法。拟议的研究将集中于 关于猴子判断序数和基数的能力 熟悉的和不熟悉的数字的新奇样本。序数能力 将在实验中进行评估，在实验中，猴子首先被训练成 列表学习范式中的数字1-4。它们随后将被 对训练好的数字样本进行成对判断的测验1-4 而未经训练的数字为5-9。不会提供增援 在用新的数字5-9进行测试时。这将为 确定猴子是否有数字的序号表示。 基数能力将在第二个系列的实验中进行研究， 广泛使用的样本配对范例的变体。主题将是 需要通过选择物理上不同的选项来匹配样本 包含与样本相同数量的元素的刺激，即 仅根据基数进行匹配。反应时间数据将是 对猴子如何代表序数和基数进行分析， 并对迄今为止未经证实的指控进行评估，这些指控表明 所有非人类的数字歧视。

DESCRIPTION (adapted from applicant's abstract): The numerical competence of rhesus monkeys will be investigated to provide an animal model of the non-linguistic representation of number. The proposed research will focus on the ability of monkeys to determine the ordinal and cardinal values of novel exemplars of familiar and unfamiliar numerosities. Ordinal competence will be assessed in experiments in which monkeys are first trained on the numerosities 1-4 in a list learning paradigm. They will subsequently be tested on pair-wise judgements of exemplar of the trained numerosities 1-4 and of the untrained numerosities 5-9. No reinforcement will be provided during tests with the novel numerosities 5-9. That will provide a basis for determining if monkeys have an ordinal representation of numerosity. Cardinal competence will be studied in a second series of experiments with a variation of the widely used matching-to-sample paradigm. Subjects will be required to match the sample by selecting a physically distinct choice stimulus that contains the same number of elements as the sample, i.e., to match solely on the basis of cardinal number. Reaction time data will be analyzed to model how monkeys represent ordinal and cardinal numerosities, and to evaluate the hitherto unsubstantiated claim that subitizing accounts for all non-human numerical discriminations.