Miguel de Unamuno in exile, 1924-1930.

米格尔·德·乌纳穆诺（Miguel de Unamuno，1864-1936）是西班牙20世纪初的著名作家和知识分子，他在成熟的写作生涯中（1924-1930）有六年时间是在米格尔·普里莫·德里维拉将军的军事独裁统治下流亡的。他离开西班牙时是该国最重要的知识分子之一;六年后他回来时，他被许多人吹捧为未来西班牙共和国总统的热门人选。在西班牙之外的几年里，乌纳穆诺写了一些他最复杂，最具创新性和挑战性的作品，这些作品受到了一些个人的批评关注，但仍然需要明确和持续的分析。这一建议的核心论点是，只有将这些作品视为乌纳穆诺生活中一个特定时刻和一种特定经历的产物，即流亡本身的产物，才能充分理解这些作品，因此，本项目是对乌纳穆诺生活中这一关键和自足时期的第一次整本书的研究，它将从几个不同但互补的角度探讨这一时期。首先，它将确定乌纳穆诺流亡的原因，这项任务将涉及对乌纳穆诺作为一名政治上忠诚的知识分子的终身项目进行仔细和集中的分析，并澄清为什么该项目导致他与独裁者发生冲突。其次，它将着眼于乌纳穆诺的流亡传记，首先集中在流亡经验对乌纳穆诺的人和作家的影响。第三，它将澄清乌纳穆诺在富埃特文图拉、巴黎和昂代期间的经历如何影响他的政治立场和战略。第四，它将详细关注乌纳穆诺在流亡期间所遭受的危机，这场危机使他质疑甚至拆除了他在过去四十年中积累的知识世界观和项目。最后，它将澄清乌纳穆诺在这个时候对西班牙公共事务的影响的确切性质和程度。因此，该项目将提供对各种不同文本的仔细阅读：阐明乌纳穆诺当时不断演变的政治立场的新闻和秘密文章;揭示他的流亡经历的自传和文学文章;显示他的流亡危机的性质、发展和影响的哲学著作;正如上面的总结所暗示的，正是在流亡和乌纳穆诺的流亡经历的背景下，这些复杂的作品最终可以得到充分的理解。更重要的是，如果正确阅读，表达乌纳穆诺流亡危机的作品也可以揭示他一生的知识和政治计划的性质和影响。因此，本书将从流亡本身的角度对这一项目进行批判性的阅读。最后，它还将探讨这一特定的案例研究可以揭示流亡的经验一般，提供见解和想法，将是有用的那些学者谁感兴趣的是后来和更大规模的流亡经验，即内战后的难民从佛朗哥将军的西班牙。

Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936), Spain's leading early twentieth-century writer and intellectual, spent six years of his mature writing life (1924-1930) in exile from the military Dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera. He left Spain as one of the country's leading intellectuals; when he returned six years later, he was being touted by many as a popular choice for the presidency of a future Spanish republic. During his years outside Spain, Unamuno wrote some of his most complex, innovative and challenging works, works that have received some individual critical attention but that are still in need of a clear and sustained analysis. It is the central contention of this proposal that these works can only be fully understood if considered and analysed as the products of a specific moment in Unamuno's life and of a specific experience, that of exile itself.This project offers, therefore, the first book-length study of this crucial and self-contained period in Unamuno's life, and it will approach this period from several distinct but complementary angles. First, it will establish the reasons for Unamuno's exile, a task that will involve a careful and focused analysis of Unamuno's lifelong project as a politically-committed intellectual and a clarification of exactly why that project led him into conflict with the Dictator. Secondly, it will look at the biography of Unamuno's exile, focusing above all on the effects that the exile experience had on Unamuno the man and the writer. Thirdly, it will clarify the way in which that experience affected Unamuno's political position and strategies during his stay in Fuerteventura, Paris and Hendaye. Fourthly, it will focus in detail on the crisis that Unamuno suffered during exile and that caused him to question and even dismantle the very intellectual worldview and project that he had assembled over the previous forty years. Finally, it will clarify the exact nature and extent of Unamuno's influence over Spanish public affairs at this time. The project will therefore provide close readings of a variety of different texts: press and clandestine articles that shed light on Unamuno's evolving political position of the time; autobiographical and literary essays that reveal his experience of exile itself; philosophical works that show the nature, development and implications of his exile crisis; drama and poetry that continue to think through the implications of that crisis.As the above summary implies, it is in the context of exile and Unamuno's experience of exile that these complex works can finally be fully understood. More than that, if properly read, the works that give expression to Unamuno's exile crisis can also shed light on the nature and implications of his lifelong intellectual and political project. This book will therefore offer a critical reading of that project from the perspective of exile itself. Finally, it will also explore what it is that this particular case study can reveal about the experience of exile in general, providing insights and ideas that will be of use to those scholars who are interested in a later and more massive experience of exile, that of the post-Civil War refugees from General Franco's Spain.