Miguel de Unamuno in exile, 1924-1930.

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Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936), Spain's leading early twentieth-century writer and intellectual, spent six years of his mature writing life (1924-1930) in exile from the military Dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera. He left Spain as one of the country's leading intellectuals; when he returned six years later, he was being touted by many as a popular choice for the presidency of a future Spanish republic. During his years outside Spain, Unamuno wrote some of his most complex, innovative and challenging works, works that have received some individual critical attention but that are still in need of a clear and sustained analysis. It is the central contention of this proposal that these works can only be fully understood if considered and analysed as the products of a specific moment in Unamuno's life and of a specific experience, that of exile itself.This project offers, therefore, the first book-length study of this crucial and self-contained period in Unamuno's life, and it will approach this period from several distinct but complementary angles. First, it will establish the reasons for Unamuno's exile, a task that will involve a careful and focused analysis of Unamuno's lifelong project as a politically-committed intellectual and a clarification of exactly why that project led him into conflict with the Dictator. Secondly, it will look at the biography of Unamuno's exile, focusing above all on the effects that the exile experience had on Unamuno the man and the writer. Thirdly, it will clarify the way in which that experience affected Unamuno's political position and strategies during his stay in Fuerteventura, Paris and Hendaye. Fourthly, it will focus in detail on the crisis that Unamuno suffered during exile and that caused him to question and even dismantle the very intellectual worldview and project that he had assembled over the previous forty years. Finally, it will clarify the exact nature and extent of Unamuno's influence over Spanish public affairs at this time. The project will therefore provide close readings of a variety of different texts: press and clandestine articles that shed light on Unamuno's evolving political position of the time; autobiographical and literary essays that reveal his experience of exile itself; philosophical works that show the nature, development and implications of his exile crisis; drama and poetry that continue to think through the implications of that crisis.As the above summary implies, it is in the context of exile and Unamuno's experience of exile that these complex works can finally be fully understood. More than that, if properly read, the works that give expression to Unamuno's exile crisis can also shed light on the nature and implications of his lifelong intellectual and political project. This book will therefore offer a critical reading of that project from the perspective of exile itself. Finally, it will also explore what it is that this particular case study can reveal about the experience of exile in general, providing insights and ideas that will be of use to those scholars who are interested in a later and more massive experience of exile, that of the post-Civil War refugees from General Franco's Spain.