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Charlemagne in England: The Matter of France in Middle English and Anglo-Norman Literature

查理曼大帝在英国：中古英语和盎格鲁-诺曼文学中的法国问题

基本信息

批准号：
AH/G010595/1
负责人：
Phillipa Hardman
金额：
$ 31.24万
依托单位：
University of Reading
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FG010595%2F1
关键词：
Charlemagne England Matter France Middle

项目摘要

The heroic literature of medieval England celebrates the acts of three groups of characters: English legendary heroes, King Arthur and his knights, and the Emperor Charlemagne and his peers. The first two groups have received major recent scholarly attention, but the twelve texts in the last group have been comparatively neglected, though a series of editions of the Middle English (ME) texts for the Early English Text Society in the late 19th century gave them a prominent identity as 'The English Charlemagne Romances'. From the 14th to the 16th century, verse romances of Charlemagne were composed and copied, and Caxton printed a prose life of Charles the Great as well as the Morte Darthur, but while Arthurian themes persisted in English literature and culture, those of Charlemagne did not. This might seem explicable if he is viewed as the national hero of the French. Yet, to the puzzlement of critics, the production of most English Charlemagne texts coincided with the Hundred Years' War. Is it significant, therefore, that the original French texts already existed in Anglo-Norman (AN) form? In what sense might Charlemagne have had an established insular identity? The aim of the Charlemagne in England project is to explore this insular literary tradition with equal focus on the AN and the ME texts, examining the textual relations between them and the correspondences in narrative form and generic expectations. It assesses the evidence for their audiences and reception in a multilingual society, and for their contemporary cultural and political significance. The central conflict represented, between Christians and Saracens, offers parallels to international crusading interests in the earlier AN period, and in the 14th and 15th centuries mirrors the perceived threat to western security from the Ottoman Turks. The prominence in so many of the texts of the motif of the chivalrous Saracen indicates, through the fantasy of conversion, a desire for engagement with the eastern Other. This complex reflection of cultural and political concerns in medieval England has some resonances for contemporary Britain.Further investigation is needed of the religious element in the insular Charlemagne tradition. The emphasis in early French works on recaptured Passion relics, specifically related to pilgrimage sites, is modified in AN and ME texts for different purposes. The strong catechetical feature in many of the texts may relate to the concerns of the Fourth Lateran Council (1215), which combined a programme of pastoral reform and education with the promotion of crusade to retake Jerusalem, both reflected in Charlemagne texts. Aspects of piety in the ME texts have been attributed to 'clerical authorship', and this too needs investigation in relation to lay piety.This is a timely project - it benefits from the work of the French of Medieval England programme (York) and the Multilingualism project (Bristol). It will stimulate fuller critical attention to the AN texts. Dr Ailes is completing an edition of the Egerton MS La Destruction de Rome and Fierenbras, and proposes that a PhD student edit the independent Hanover MS text. Equally, the project will encourage overdue new editions of the ME works, for while The Siege of Melayne and Rauf Coil3ear - both unique texts with no known source - have been edited more than once, the eight separate verse texts based on Fierabras, Otinel, and the Chanson de Roland await thorough scholarly attention. An indication of what can be done is provided by Mrs Hardman's study of the ME Roland fragment, informed by Duggan's recent critical edition of the French Roland corpus, and a PhD student will build on this work, investigating the tradition of Roncevaux in medieval Britain. This is a considerable, coherent project in itself and also the exemplar for a larger collaborative project on an international scale to explore the tradition anew in other languages and cultures: 'Chalemagne in Europe'.

中世纪英国的英雄文学颂扬了三组人物的行为：英国传奇英雄亚瑟王和他的骑士，皇帝查理曼和他的同龄人。尽管19世纪末早期英语文本协会的一系列中世纪英语(ME)文本给了它们一个突出的身份，但最后一组的12篇文本却被相对忽视了，这两类文本最近受到了学术界的关注。从14世纪到16世纪，查理曼的诗篇浪漫被创作和复制，卡克斯顿出版了查尔斯大帝和达图尔的散文生活，但尽管亚瑟王的主题在英国文学和文化中持续存在，查理曼的主题却没有。如果他被视为法国的民族英雄，这似乎是可以解释的。然而，令评论家困惑的是，大多数英语查理曼文本的产生恰逢百年战争。因此，法语原文已经以盎格鲁-诺曼(AN)的形式存在，这有意义吗？在什么意义上，查理曼大帝可能已经确立了与世隔绝的身份？《英格兰的查理曼大帝》项目的目的是探索这一与世隔绝的文学传统，同时关注AN和ME文本，考察它们与书信在叙事形式和一般期望方面的文本关系。它评估了在一个多语言社会中为其受众和接受者提供的证据，以及它们在当代文化和政治上的意义。所代表的基督徒和撒拉逊人之间的核心冲突，与前一个时期的国际十字军利益相似，在14世纪和15世纪反映了奥斯曼土耳其人对西方安全的感知威胁。在如此多的文本中，骑士撒拉逊主题的突出表明，通过皈依的幻想，一种与东方他人接触的愿望。这种对中世纪英格兰文化和政治关切的复杂反映对当代英国人有一些共鸣。需要对查理曼群岛传统中的宗教元素进行进一步的研究。早期法国著作中对夺回的激情遗迹的强调，特别是与朝圣地点有关的，在AN和ME文本中因不同的目的而被修改。许多文本中强烈的问答特征可能涉及第四届拉特兰理事会(1215)的关切，该理事会将牧区改革和教育方案与促进夺回耶路撒冷的十字军东征结合在一起，两者都反映在查理曼大帝的文本中。在ME文本中虔诚的方面被归因于“牧师的作者”，这也需要与俗语有关的调查。这是一个及时的项目-它受益于中世纪英格兰法语方案(约克)和多语言项目(布里斯托尔)的工作。它将激发人们对AN文本更充分的批判性关注。艾尔斯博士正在完成《破坏罗马和光纤的埃格顿MS》的版本，并建议由一名博士生编辑独立的汉诺威MS文本。同样，该项目将鼓励逾期的ME作品的新版本，因为尽管对Melayne和Rauf Coil3ear的围困-这两个独特的文本来源不明-已经被编辑不止一次，基于Fierabras、Otinel和Chanson de Roland的八个单独的诗句文本等待彻底的学术关注。Hardman夫人对ME Roland片段的研究表明可以做些什么，Duggan最近出版的法国Roland语料库的评论版提供了信息，一名博士生将在这项工作的基础上，调查中世纪英国的Roncevaux传统。这本身就是一个相当大的、连贯的项目，也是一个更大规模的国际合作项目的典范，目的是在其他语言和文化中重新探索这一传统：“欧洲的Chalemagne”。