Poetry Beyond Text: Vision, Text and Cognition

超越文本的诗歌：视觉、文本与认知

• 批准号: AH/G013721/1
• 负责人: Andrew Roberts
• 金额: $ 56万
• 依托单位: University of Dundee
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FG013721%2F1
• 关键词: Poetry; Beyond; Text; Vision; Cognition

Poetry Beyond Text: Vision, Text and CognitionThis research project uses psychological, critical and creative methods to study how readers respond to the visual aspects of poetry. It involves specialists in English and Comparative Literature, Fine Art and Psychology. These include the shape of visual or concrete poetry (where words are arranged spatially in particular patterns on the page), the combination of poetry with images (in artists' books and prints), and the moving words and images found in digital poetry (a relatively new form of poetry which is usually web-based and often interactive).Psychologists have established typical patterns of eye-movements for reading text and looking at pictures, as well as models of the cognitive processes reflected by such looking behaviour. We are interested in finding out what happens when readers are presented with art works which combine text and images. If the text and image are separate elements, do we look at text or image first? Or do we move rapidly from one to the other? If textual and visual elements are fully integrated, do we adopt a 'reading' or a 'viewing' approach to the text? For example, do we read from top to bottom and left to right, as if we were looking at a more conventionally-arranged poem? Or do we treat the poem as a form of image?Arising from these questions are more general ones. How are our visual exploration strategies affected by the presentation of the art work and the previous knowledge of the reader? How do different reading strategies influence our assessment of the interest, meaning and aesthetic value of the work? What determines whether the visual aspect enriches the meaning of the words (and vice versa), or whether each element limits the force of the other? For example, sometimes the shape of a poem, or an accompanying image, can seem to determine the subject of the poem, reducing the possibilities of interpretation. In other cases, the two elements can each prompt further interpretative possibilities.To study these questions, we plan to use a combination of methods from literary criticism, psychology, and creative practice. Literary criticism has developed theories of reader response, including the idea of a 'horizon of expectation' (a set of expectations which conditions how we approach the reading of a text), as well as many accounts of interpretation and the assessment of aesthetic value. Psychological methods include eye-tracking (which measures eye-movement with great precision) and pupil dilation (which relates to the complexity of cognitive processes). We see creative practice, involving both the creation of new works of art, and individual spoken responses to works, as another way of thinking about and understanding these questions. So we will be using discursive methods based on argument, experimental methods based on analysis, and creative methods based on imaginative engagement.. We will assess how reading strategies affect memory, interpretation and perceived aesthetic value, using both quantitative measures and reader-response theories.We have developed, on the basis of previous work in this area, a strategy of a 'reflective feedback loop', in which participants in experiments are regarded as co-researchers. Their cognitive processes will be assessed, using various experimental methods, while they are reading the various types of poetry, in some cases with modifications of layout. Crucially, these results will also be presented to participants, who will be asked to write their own responses, allowing us to explore their aesthetic experience and interpretation of the poems, before and after receiving such feedback. Furthermore, participants on appropriate degree programmes, together with poets and artists will be invited to create works in response to the investigations. Art works and materials from the project willappear in exhibitions and an on-line gallery, and results will be discussed in journal articles.

文本之外的诗歌：视觉、文本和认知本研究项目使用心理学、批判性和创造性的方法来研究读者如何对诗歌的视觉方面做出反应。它涉及英语和比较文学、美术和心理学方面的专家。这些包括视觉或具体诗歌的形状(文字在空间上以特定的模式排列在页面上)，诗歌与图像的结合(在艺术家的书籍和版画中)，以及数字诗歌中发现的移动的单词和图像(一种相对较新的诗歌形式，通常是基于网络的，通常是互动的)。心理学家已经建立了阅读文本和观看图片的典型眼动模式，以及这种观看行为所反映的认知过程的模型。我们感兴趣的是，当读者看到结合了文字和图像的艺术作品时，会发生什么。如果文本和图像是单独的元素，我们应该先查看文本还是图像？或者我们会迅速地从一个移动到另一个吗？如果文本和视觉元素完全结合在一起，我们对文本采取的是“阅读”还是“观看”的方式？例如，我们是否从上到下、从左到右阅读，就像我们正在看一首更传统的诗一样？或者我们把这首诗当作一种意象？由此引出的是一些更一般的问题。我们的视觉探索策略是如何受到艺术作品的呈现和读者先前知识的影响的？不同的阅读策略如何影响我们对作品的兴趣、意义和审美价值的评估？是什么决定了视觉方面是否丰富了单词的含义(反之亦然)，或者每个元素是否限制了另一个元素的力量？例如，有时一首诗的形状或伴随的形象似乎可以决定这首诗的主题，从而减少了解读的可能性。在其他情况下，这两个因素都可以促进进一步的解释可能性。为了研究这些问题，我们计划使用文学批评、心理学和创作实践的方法相结合的方法。文学批评发展了读者反应理论，包括“期待视野”的概念(一组期待制约着我们如何阅读文本)，以及许多关于解读和审美价值的描述。心理学方法包括眼球跟踪(非常精确地测量眼球运动)和瞳孔放大(与认知过程的复杂性有关)。我们认为创造性的实践，既包括新艺术作品的创作，也包括个人对作品的口头回应，是思考和理解这些问题的另一种方式。因此，我们将使用基于论证的论述方法、基于分析的实验方法和基于想象力参与的创造性方法。我们将使用定量测量和读者反应理论来评估阅读策略是如何影响记忆、口译和感知审美价值的。我们在这一领域前人工作的基础上，提出了一种“反思反馈环”策略，将实验参与者视为共同研究人员。当他们阅读不同类型的诗歌时，将使用各种实验方法来评估他们的认知过程，在某些情况下，会修改布局。重要的是，这些结果也将被呈现给参与者，他们将被要求写下他们自己的回应，使我们能够在收到反馈之前和之后探索他们对诗歌的审美体验和解读。此外，适当学位课程的参与者以及诗人和艺术家将被邀请创作作品，以回应调查。该项目的艺术作品和材料将出现在展览和在线画廊中，结果将在期刊文章中讨论。

项目成果

Space and Pattern in Linear and Postlinear Poetry Empirical and theoretical approaches

线性和后线性诗歌中的空间和模式实证和理论方法

• DOI: 10.1080/13825577.2012.754967
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: European Journal of English Studies
• 影响因子: 0.5
• 作者: Roberts A

'Creative Practice and Experimental Method in Electronic Literature and Human Experimental Psychology'

《电子文学与人体实验心理学的创作实践与实验方法》

• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: dichtung-digital
• 作者: Otty L, Roberts A M

'Dim-conceived glories of the brain': On Ambiguity in Literature and Science

“大脑的模糊构想的荣耀”：论文学和科学中的模糊性

• DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2012.752194
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Culture, Theory and Critique
• 作者: Otty L

'Reading Space in Visual Poetry'

《视觉诗歌中的阅读空间》

• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Writing Technologies
• 作者: Knowles K, Schaffner, A K, Weger U, Roberts AM

Listening to Limericks: a pupillometry investigation of perceivers' expectancy.

聆听打油诗：对感知者期望的瞳孔测量调查。

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074986
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Scheepers C;Mohr S;Fischer MH;Roberts AM
• 通讯作者: Roberts AM