COUPLES FERTILITY PREFERENCES AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE

直到最近，计划生育项目和生育率调查的重点还是女性。自1994年国际人口与发展会议以来，人们对男子在计划生育中的作用越来越感兴趣。然而，单独针对男性或女性的计划生育项目和研究都不是最理想的，因为从之前选定地点的研究中可以知道，丈夫和妻子的生育欲望都会影响避孕措施的使用和怀孕的可能性。拟议中的研究更进一步，利用来自三大洲的基于夫妇的数据，增强我们对计划生育和生育意愿的理解。该项目的目的是利用1990年代在发展中国家进行的17次人口与健康调查中采访的一夫一妻制夫妇的数据，分析丈夫和妻子对计划生育和生育偏好问题的成对回答，以及配偶双方对其伴侣态度的看法。将于一九九八年完成的六项调查亦包括在内。主要目标是：A)对夫妻双方同意或不同意目前使用避孕措施、生育更多孩子的愿望、批准计划生育和配偶对这些的看法进行描述性分析；b)定义夫妇对计划生育的未满足需求，并比较已婚妇女、男子和夫妇未满足需求的水平和决定因素；c)确定夫妻双方对生育愿望问题的一致/不一致回答的影响；以及当前避孕措施使用的其他夫妇特征。将利用在这些调查中收集的传统人口和社会经济协变量以及多项逻辑回归技术评估一致、正确认识、未满足需求和避孕药具使用的决定因素。将按指示对聚类、选择效应和内生性进行调整。对于各种各样的设置，这项研究将提供夫妇使用标准化问题，访谈程序和统计技术的第一次国际比较检查。

Until recently family planning programs and fertility surveys focused on women. Since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, there has been a growing interest in the role of males in family planning. However, family planning programs and research directed either toward men or women separately are less than optimal because it is known from previous research at selected sites that both husband's and wife's fertility desires affect the use of contraception and the probability of pregnancy. The proposed research goes a step further by using couple-based data from three continents to enhance our understanding of family planning and fertility intentions. The objective of this project is to analyze husbands' and wives' paired responses to questions on family planning and fertility preferences and each spouse's perceptions of her/his partner's attitudes using data from monogamous couples interviewed in 17 Demographic and Health Surveys in developing nations during the 1990s. Six surveys to be completed in 1998 will also be included. The major aims are to: a) conduct descriptive analyses of husbands' and wives' agreement or disagreement on current use of contraception, desires for more children, approval of family planning and spousal perceptions of these, b) define unmet need for family planning for couples and compare levels and determinants of married women's, men's and couple's unmet need, and c) determine the effects of husband and wife concordant/discordant responses to questions on fertility desires, and other couple characteristics on current contraceptive use. Determinants of agreement, correct perceptions, unmet need and contraceptive use will be assessed using traditional demographic and socio-economic covariates collected in these surveys and multinomial logistic regression techniques. Adjustments for clustering, selection effects and endogeneity will be made as indicated. For a wide variety of settings this study will provide the first international comparative examination of couples using standardized questions, interview procedures and statistical techniques.