DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS: FRONTAL LOBE

认知功能的发展：额叶

• 批准号: 2889368
• 负责人: ADELE D DIAMOND
• 金额: $ 67.37万
• 依托单位: EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER CTR MTL RETARDATN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-06-10 至 2002-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2889368
• 关键词: attention; behavioral /social science research tag; brain disorder diagnosis; caudate nucleus; child behavior; child psychology; chronic brain damage; computed axial tomography; corpus callosums; developmental neurobiology; diagnosis design /evaluation; dopamine; frontal lobe /cortex; hippocampus; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); longitudinal human study; magnetic resonance imaging; memory; memory disorders; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; parietal lobe /cortex; phenylketonurias; preschool child (1-5); radioimmunoassay; sequential perception; serotonin; space perception; time perception

The goals of the proposed research are three:(1) to test children with brain damage localized to frontal cortex on tests (a) which have been linked specifically to frontal cortex function through neuroanatomical and behavioral studies with infant and adult monkeys and (b) on which we know the normal developmental progression in children. Important aspects of this work will be to look for converging evidence from diverse tests all linked to the same subregion of frontal cortex, and to attempt to dissociate performance on these tests from performance on tests linked to other neural circuits. The goal is to develop non-invasive tests capable of detecting frontal cortex damage in infants and young children. Presently such damage often goes undetected for many years because of the lack of such tests. (2) to investigate the relationship of dopamine levels to performance on these tasks, and to begin to investigate the hypothesis that the fundamental maturational change which underlies the emergence of cognitive abilities dependent on frontal cortex during infancy is increasing levels of frontal cortex dopamine. To do this, children with early-treated PKU, who have no known structural brain damage but who are vulnerable to reduced levels of dopamine will be tested. Because their general cognitive functioning is good, if deficits are found they are likely to be selective. If they are selectively impaired on tests of frontal cortex function, this will be the first demonstration in humans of a cognitive deficit on frontal cortex tasks from dopamine depletion alone. Because L-dopa and the dopamine precursor, tyrosine, can be taken orally, there is an excellent chance that if deficits are found, therapeutic interventions will be possible to alleviate any impairments. (3) to better understand the abilities required for success on tasks that depend on frontal cortex function. Hypotheses will be considered that suggest that memory for space, and/or time, or for relational information in general is dissociable from memory for other information and dependent upon frontal cortex function.

本研究的目的有三：（1）测试儿童的 大脑损伤局限于额叶皮层的测试（a）， 通过神经解剖学与额叶皮层功能密切相关， 对婴儿和成年猴子的行为研究和（B）我们知道 儿童的正常发育过程。这方面的重要方面 工作将是从各种各样的测试中寻找共同的证据， 额叶皮层的同一分区，并试图分离 这些测试的表现与其他神经系统测试的表现不同， 电路.我们的目标是开发能够检测出 婴儿和幼儿的额叶皮层损伤。目前这种损害 由于缺乏此类测试，往往多年未被发现。 (2)研究多巴胺水平与表现的关系， 这些任务，并开始调查的假设， 基本的成熟变化，这是认知能力出现的基础。 在婴儿时期依赖于额叶皮层的能力 额叶皮层多巴胺的分泌为了做到这一点，早期治疗的PKU儿童， 没有已知的结构性脑损伤，但容易受到 多巴胺的水平将被测试。因为他们的一般认知 如果功能正常，如果发现缺陷，它们可能是选择性的。 如果他们在额叶皮层功能测试中选择性受损， 将首次证明人类额叶皮层的认知缺陷 大脑皮层的任务都是由多巴胺耗尽引起的。因为左旋多巴和多巴胺 前体酪氨酸，可以口服，有一个很好的机会， 如果发现缺陷，将有可能进行治疗干预， 减轻任何损伤。 (3)更好地理解成功完成任务所需的能力， 取决于额叶皮层的功能假设将被认为， 这表明对空间和/或时间或关系信息记忆 一般与其他信息记忆无关， 额叶皮层功能的影响