CCD X-RAY FLUOROSCOPY USING BINARY OPTICAL TECHNIQUE

我们建议开发一种光耦合ccd x射线系统。 使用一种新颖的光学多路复用成像技术。一群 使用二元光学透镜代替像增强器来 将闪烁屏幕上的潜像连接到电荷耦合器件。 低读出速率的ccd成像器可以有效地用于 在不增加探测器噪声的情况下进行荧光成像。这 技术克服了传统图像的缺点 增强型透视，包括：像差、噪声、对比度 退化，并限制了动态范围和空间分辨率 射线照片。我们的初步研究表明， 拟议的系统是x射线系统，运行速度为每秒16帧。 量子噪音有限。与像增强器和 传统的透视，它提供了更高的空间分辨率(向上 至14 lp/mm)、更高的对比度敏感度和更宽的动态范围 相同辐射剂量的范围(12-14位)。我们计划建造一个 实验室样机和测量调制传递函数， 信噪比、探测量子效率与损伤 可检测性，作为帧速率的函数。我们将进行 对比细节分析、针吸活组织检查和观察者研究， 将所提出的系统与像增强器透视系统进行比较 系统和立体定向CCD成像系统。建议数 技术适用于放射介入手术 需要实时成像。它是低kvp的理想选择 影像引导乳房介入手术，如：(1) 术前病变定位；(2)影像引导下穿刺术； (3)乳管造影术；(4)实时成像评价种植体 信封；以及潜在地，(5)实时图像引导的本地 间质治疗，如病变消融术。在更高的KVP中，它是 适用于某些介入性程序，例如：(1) 肺部病变的透视评估和引导活检；(2) 胃肠道透视检查程序，如内窥镜检查 经皮逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP) 经肝胆管造影术(PTHC)和胆道引流 程序；(3)肌肉骨骼介入程序，如 关节面麻醉、骨活检和椎体成形术； (4)需要高分辨率的神经介入操作， 实时透视成像，如脑动脉瘤 遮挡。

We propose to develop an optically-coupled CCD x-ray system using a novel, optical multiplexing imaging technique. A group of binary optical lenses is used instead of an image intensifier to couple the latent image from a scintillating screen to the CCD. Low readout-rate CCD imagers can be effectively used for fluoroscopic imaging without increasing detector noise. This technology overcomes disadvantages of conventional image intensifier fluoroscopy, including: aberrations, noise, contrast degradation, and restricted dynamic range and spatial resolution of radiographic images. Our preliminary studies indicate that the proposed system, operating at 16 frames per second, is x-ray quantum noise limited. Compared with an image intensifier and conventional fluoroscopy, it offers improved spatial resolution (up to 14 lp/mm), better contrast sensitivity, and a wider dynamic range (12-14 bit) for the same radiation dose. We plan to build a laboratory prototype and measure modulation transfer function, signal-to-noise ratio, detective quantum efficiency and lesion detectability, as a function of frame rate. We will conduct contrast-detail analysis, needle biopsy, and observer studies, comparing the proposed system to image intensifier fluoroscopic systems and stereotactic CCD imaging systems. The proposed technology is applicable to radiologic interventional procedures requiring real-time imaging. It is ideally suited for low Kvp image-guided breast interventional procedures such as: (1) preoperative lesion localization; (2) image-guided needle biopsy; (3) galactography; (4) real-time imaging to evaluate implant envelopes; and potentially, (5) real-time image-guided local interstitial therapy, such as lesion ablation. At higher Kvp it is applicable to certain interventional procedures such as; (1) fluoroscopic evaluation and guide biopsy of pulmonary lesions; (2) gastrointestinal fluoroscopic procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTHC), and biliary drainage procedures; (3) musculoskeletal interventional procedures such as facet joint anesthetic blocks, bone biopsy, and vertebroplasty; and (4) neurologic interventional procedures requiring high resolution, real-time fluoroscopic imaging such as cerebral aneurysm occlusion.