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Contested Commemorations. War Remembrances and Republican Politics in Weimar Germany

有争议的纪念活动。

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I022562/1
负责人：
Benjamin Ziemann
金额：
$ 6.5万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI022562%2F1
关键词：
Contested Commemorations.War Remembrances Republican

项目摘要

This research project seeks to reconsider the legacy of the First World War for republican politics in Weimar Germany. Analysing the contested field of commemorations of the Great War from 1918 to 1933, the project will demonstrate how pro-republican currents and associations tapped into the popular memories and representations of the war experience in order to legitimise, defend and boost the republican project. While they criticised the 'stab-in-the-back' legend and other right-wing narratives, these groups also developed their own interpretation of the meaning of the war experience. Crucially, they aimed to show how the war experiences had turned a majority of war veterans into devoted supporters of a republican polity. An investigation of these republican war remembrances will thus not only offer a fresh perspective on the impact of the war experience on political discourses in 1920s and early 1930s Germany. It will also make a crucial contribution to the scholarly debate about the inherent strengths and weaknesses of the Weimar Republic.Empirically, the project will focus on the contributions of two large-scale associations to the symbolic representation of war and violence. The first, the 'Reichsbund' of war victims, widows and orphans, was founded already during the war in 1917 by members of the Social Democratic Party and the socialist trade unions. From 1919 onwards, the Reichsbund quickly emerged as the largest association of injured and mutilated war victims, war widows and orphans, with a peak membership of 600,000. The second association, the 'Reichsbanner Black-Red-Gold', was explicitly founded as a 'League of Republican Ex-Servicemen' in 1924, and quickly attracted a mass membership of around one million men, two-thirds of whom were actual veterans of the First World War. While the Reichsbanner was formally a non-partisan organization devoted to defending the republic and its colours (black-red-gold) against attacks from the extreme right and left, the overwhelming majority of its rank-and-file members and functionaries were Social Democrats. My research will investigate the semantics of pro-republican, social-democratic attempts to endow the experiences of physical and psychological trauma, loss and bereavement during the Great War with meaning. In addition, it will analyse the specific position of pro-republican discourses in the polarised and contested field of commemorations of the Great War. Finally, the project will highlight both the achievements and the ambivalences of the attempts by Reichsbund and Reichsbanner to represent the Republic and its core constitutional element, popular sovereignty, as a necessary consequence of the corruption of the Wilhelmine officer corps and the senseless victimisation of ordinary people in the Imperial Army from 1914 to 1918.Overall, my project will emphasise the significance of republican war remembrances for the legitimacy of the democratic project since 1918. As the project reconsiders the legacy of the Great War for the Weimar Republic, it will also make a contribution to the ongoing debate about the origins of National Socialism in the war experiences of the Great War.

本研究项目旨在重新思考第一次世界大战对魏玛德国共和政治的影响。该项目分析了1918年至1933年大战纪念活动的争议领域，将展示亲共和主义的潮流和协会如何利用战争经历的大众记忆和代表，以合法化，捍卫和促进共和国项目。虽然他们批评“背后捅刀子”的传说和其他右翼叙事，但这些团体也对战争经历的意义做出了自己的解释。至关重要的是，他们旨在展示战争经历如何将大多数退伍军人转变为共和政体的忠实支持者。因此，对这些共和国战争记忆的研究不仅可以为战争经验对20世纪20年代和30年代初德国政治话语的影响提供一个新的视角。它还将对学术界关于魏玛共和国内在优势和弱点的辩论做出至关重要的贡献。从经验上讲，该项目将侧重于两个大型协会对战争和暴力的象征性表现的贡献。第一个是由战争受害者、寡妇和孤儿组成的“帝国联盟”，它是在1917年战争期间由社会民主党和社会主义工会的成员建立的。从1919年起，帝国联盟迅速成为最大的战争伤残者、战争寡妇和孤儿协会，会员人数最多时达到60万人。第二个协会，“帝国旗帜黑-红-金”，成立于1924年，是一个明确的“共和党退役军人联盟”，并迅速吸引了大约100万人的大量成员，其中三分之二是第一次世界大战的退伍军人。虽然帝国旗帜党在形式上是一个无党派组织，致力于捍卫共和国及其颜色（黑-红-金），抵御来自极右和极左的攻击，但其绝大多数普通成员和工作人员都是社会民主党人。我的研究将调查亲共和党，社会民主党试图赋予身体和心理创伤，损失和丧亲之痛的经验，在伟大的战争意义的语义。此外，它将分析亲共和党的话语在纪念大战的两极分化和有争议的领域的具体位置。最后，该项目将突出帝国联盟和帝国旗帜试图代表共和国及其核心宪法要素人民主权的成就和矛盾，这是1914年至1918年威廉军官团腐败和帝国军队普通人毫无意义的堕落的必然后果。总的来说，我的项目将强调共和党战争纪念活动对1918年以来民主党项目合法性的重要性。随着该项目重新考虑一战对魏玛共和国的遗产，它也将为正在进行的关于国家社会主义起源于一战战争经验的辩论做出贡献。