HIV RISK, DRUGS, AND VIOLENCE

最近的一些研究已经注意到暴力、 物质使用和感染艾滋病毒的风险。然而，流行率 它们共同出现的模式和预测因素尚不清楚。也不是 他们联系在一起的原因是众所周知的。拟议的研究使用 数据来自一个由3600多名来自不同社会和文化背景的年轻人组成的小组 经济背景来探索这些问题，使用交叉 分段和纵向方法。研究1将估计 高危性行为、注射吸毒和各种 异性恋者的暴力类型、受害情况和物质使用情况 23-24岁的成年人。不同模式的共同出现的比率 这些问题也会被估计和人的特点 有多个问题的人将被确定。研究2和研究3将探讨 成年期共生问题的基础：第一个问题将集中在 关于并发关系和预测者；第二个将检查 未来的预测者。这些研究将确定共同的和 暴力、受害、药物使用、艾滋病毒性行为的独特预测因素 风险和风险通过注射吸毒来测试HIV是否 问题可能是风险增强型人格或 环境。他们都在探索艾滋病毒与艾滋病之间可能的直接关系 风险和其他高风险问题。他们检查是否存在以下问题 暴力和吸毒对艾滋病毒风险的独特贡献超过 并超越其他个人和环境因素的影响，以及 物质使用和暴力是否调解其他因素的影响 关于艾滋病毒风险。重要的是，每个预测者和他们的 与艾滋病毒风险的关系在青春期早期和后期进行测试 青春期和青春期，使我们能够确定是否及早 吸毒或早期有暴力和性活动的经历 对成人艾滋病毒风险的贡献独立于其他成年人和 青少年的预测因素。

A number of recent studies have noted associations between violence, substance use, and risk of infection with HIV. However, the prevalence patterns, and predictors of their co-occurrence are unknown. Nor are the reasons for their association well understood. The proposed studies use data from a panel of over 3600 young adults of diverse social and economic backgrounds to explore these issues, employing both cross- sectional and longitudinal approaches. Study 1 will estimate the prevalence of high-risk sexual activity, injection drug use, and various types of violence, victimization, and substance use among heterosexual adults aged 23-24. Rates for various patterns of co-occurrence among these problems will also be estimated and the characteristics of persons with multiple problems will be determined. Studies 2 and 3 will explore the basis for co-occurring problems in adulthood: the first will focus on concurrent relationships and predictors; the second will examine prospective predictors. These studies will identify the common and unique predictors of violence, victimization, substance use, HIV sexual risk and risk for HIV from injection drug use to test whether multiple problems might be co-morbid outcomes of a risk-enhancing personality or environment. They all explore possible direct relationships between HIV risk and other high-risk problems. They examine whether problems with violence and use of drugs make a unique contribution to HIV risk, over and above the influence of other personal and environmental factor, and whether substance use and violence mediate the impact of other factors on HIV risk. Importantly, each of these predictors and their relationships to HIV risk are tested at early adolescence, late adolescence, and young adulthood, allowing us to determine whether early substance use or early experience with violence and sexual activity makes a contribution to adult HIV risk independent of other adult and adolescent predictive factors.