GUIDELINES FOR MODERATE DRINKING--INFLUENCE OF PATTERNS

关于酒精与健康的流行病学研究表明， 饮酒与益处有关，特别是与 心血管疾病，刺激了对中度 用于评估个人饮酒安全性的饮酒量 以及规划公共卫生政策。尽管指导方针 是用三维的形式写的，通常的数量（每杯饮料） 饮酒日），通常的频率，和暴饮暴食，信息很少 目前可获得关于健康风险和心理社会后果的信息 与这三种饮酒方式有关 尺寸. 有人提出，在美国成年人中普遍存在的饮酒模式。 人口应根据通常数量、通常频率和 酗酒;健康和心理社会后果的比率 与这些模式相关的因素; 调节模式与风险的关系，如年龄，性别，家庭 酒精问题史和社会饮酒规范（与湿 和干旱地区，种族和民族），进行调查。 第1年 利用聚类分析和分割技术（CHAID）的研究 将基于1988年全国健康信息调查的数据 (NHIS; N= 43，809）。 国家健康保险局过去定期评估健康状况， 12个月 此外，1988年的酒精补充包括一些问题， 酒精消费，酒精经验用于评估标准， DSM-III-R诊断酒精障碍，以及家族病史 酒精问题。 它还包括关于饮酒的回顾性数据， 将允许调查饮酒模式之间的因果关系 和后果 在第二年的调查结果将在其他 选定国家和区域酒精调查， 复制他们，通过检查个人之间的模式：谁是 评估慢性疾病的风险，临床和医学中心 酒精流行病学;黑人和西班牙裔，1984年全国酒精 为国家警告标签研究选定的调查; 65岁以上 提供回顾性数据。 这些研究将提供与饮酒相关的风险信息 模式，可以直接相关的指导方针， 饮酒;他们将扩大对风险的研究，包括健康和 与模式相关的心理社会后果;他们将解决 改变风险的重要因素，需要在 指导方针;他们将确定模式，特别是 有针对性的干预。

Epidemiologic studies of alcohol and health suggest that moderate drinking is associated with benefits, especially related to cardiovascular disease, stimulating a demand for guidelines on moderate drinking to be used in evaluating the safety of individuals' drinking and in planning public health policy. Despite the fact that guidelines are written in terms of three dimensions, usual quantity (drinks per drinking day), usual frequency, and binge drinking, little information is currently available on risks of health and psychosocial consequences associated with specific patterns of drinking defined by these three dimensions. It is proposed that drinking patterns prevalent in the adult U.S. population be defined in terms of usual quantity, usual frequency, and binge drinking; that rates of health and psychosocial consequences associated with these patterns be determined; and that factors moderating the relation of pattern to risk, such as age, gender, family history of alcohol problems, and social drinking norms (related to wet and dry regions, race, and ethnicity), be investigated. In Year 1 studies utilizing cluster analytic and segmentation techniques (CHAID) will be based on data from the 1988 National Health Information Survey (NHIS; N=43,809). The NHIS routinely assesses health status in the past 12 months. In addition, the 1988 Alcohol Supplement included questions on alcohol consumption, alcohol experiences used to assess criteria for DSM-III-R diagnoses of alcohol disorders, and on a family history of alcohol problems. It also includes retrospective data on drinking that will permit investigation of causal relations between drinking patterns and consequences. In Year 2 findings will be confirmed in other national and regional alcohol surveys selected to extend, as well as replicate them, by examining patterns among individuals: who were assessed for risk of chronic disease, Center for Clinical & Medical Epidemiology of Alcohol; blacks and Hispanics, 1984 National Alcohol Survey selected for national studies of warning labels; over 65 providing retrospective data. These studies will provide information on risks associated with drinking patterns that can be directly related to guidelines for moderate drinking; they will extend studies on risk to include both health and psychosocial consequences associated with patterns; they will address important factors that modify risk and need to be addressed in the guidelines; and they will identify patterns that are particularly harmful for targeted intervention.