GUIDELINES FOR MODERATE DRINKING--INFLUENCE OF PATTERNS

对酒精与健康的流行病学研究表明，适度的 饮酒与益处有关，尤其是与 心血管疾病，刺激了对中度指南的需求 用于评价个人饮酒安全性的饮酒 以及在规划公共卫生政策方面。尽管指导方针 是以三个维度写成的，通常的数量(每杯 饮酒日)，通常频率，以及酗酒，信息很少 目前有关于健康风险和心理社会后果的信息 与这三种定义的特定饮酒模式有关 尺寸。 据认为，饮酒模式在美国成年人中很普遍。 根据通常的数量、通常的频率和 酗酒；健康和心理社会后果的比率 与这些模式相关联；并确定因素 调节模式与风险的关系，如年龄、性别、家庭 酒精问题的历史，以及社会饮酒规范(与湿酒有关 以及干旱地区、种族和民族)，进行调查。在第一年 利用聚类分析和分割技术的研究(CHAID) 将基于1988年全国健康信息调查的数据 (NHIS；N=43,809)。国家健康保险制度会定期评估过去的健康状况 12个月。此外，1988年的《酒精补充协议》还包括一些问题 关于酒精消费，酒精经历被用来评估 DSM-III-R对酒精障碍的诊断，以及 酒精问题。它还包括关于饮酒的回顾数据 将允许调查饮酒模式之间的因果关系 以及后果。在第2年中，调查结果将在其他 选定要扩大的国家和区域酒精调查，以及 通过检查个体之间的模式来复制它们：谁是 慢性疾病风险评估，临床与医学中心 《酒精流行病学：黑人和拉美裔，1984年全国酒精饮料》 被选为全国警示标签研究的调查；超过65 提供回溯数据。 这些研究将提供与饮酒相关的风险信息。 可以与适度的指导方针直接相关的模式 他们将扩大对风险的研究，将健康和 与模式相关的心理社会后果；他们将解决 修改风险的重要因素，需要在 指导方针；他们将确定特别是 有损于定向干预。

Epidemiologic studies of alcohol and health suggest that moderate drinking is associated with benefits, especially related to cardiovascular disease, stimulating a demand for guidelines on moderate drinking to be used in evaluating the safety of individuals' drinking and in planning public health policy. Despite the fact that guidelines are written in terms of three dimensions, usual quantity (drinks per drinking day), usual frequency, and binge drinking, little information is currently available on risks of health and psychosocial consequences associated with specific patterns of drinking defined by these three dimensions. It is proposed that drinking patterns prevalent in the adult U.S. population be defined in terms of usual quantity, usual frequency, and binge drinking; that rates of health and psychosocial consequences associated with these patterns be determined; and that factors moderating the relation of pattern to risk, such as age, gender, family history of alcohol problems, and social drinking norms (related to wet and dry regions, race, and ethnicity), be investigated. In Year 1 studies utilizing cluster analytic and segmentation techniques (CHAID) will be based on data from the 1988 National Health Information Survey (NHIS; N=43,809). The NHIS routinely assesses health status in the past 12 months. In addition, the 1988 Alcohol Supplement included questions on alcohol consumption, alcohol experiences used to assess criteria for DSM-III-R diagnoses of alcohol disorders, and on a family history of alcohol problems. It also includes retrospective data on drinking that will permit investigation of causal relations between drinking patterns and consequences. In Year 2 findings will be confirmed in other national and regional alcohol surveys selected to extend, as well as replicate them, by examining patterns among individuals: who were assessed for risk of chronic disease, Center for Clinical & Medical Epidemiology of Alcohol; blacks and Hispanics, 1984 National Alcohol Survey selected for national studies of warning labels; over 65 providing retrospective data. These studies will provide information on risks associated with drinking patterns that can be directly related to guidelines for moderate drinking; they will extend studies on risk to include both health and psychosocial consequences associated with patterns; they will address important factors that modify risk and need to be addressed in the guidelines; and they will identify patterns that are particularly harmful for targeted intervention.