St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster: Visual and Political Culture, 1292-1941

威斯敏斯特圣斯蒂芬教堂：视觉和政治文化，1292-1941 年

• 批准号: AH/K006991/1
• 负责人: John Cooper
• 金额: $ 100.89万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FK006991%2F1
• 关键词: St.; Stephen; Chapel; Westminster; Visual

This three-year project is a collaboration between the University of York and the Institute of Historical Research, in partnership with the Houses of Parliament and supported by the History of Parliament Trust. St Stephen's Chapel, at the heart of the Palace of Westminster, is one of the most extraordinary examples of continuity in British public life. Founded by Edward I and sumptuously decorated by Edward III, St Stephen's was representative of the alliance between monarchy and church which governed later medieval England. With the arrival of the Reformation, its college of dean and canons became redundant and St Stephen's entered a dramatic new phase in its existence, as the first permanent meeting place of the House of Commons. For nearly three hundred years, MPs met in a building that had once been a chapel, with opposing benches in place of choir-stalls and the Speaker's chair where the altar had once been. When the Commons' Chamber was gutted in the devastating fire of 1834, the space was re-named St Stephen's Hall and assigned another new role as the entry-way to the Gothic Revival palace built by Barry and Pugin, the form in which it survives to this day. By simultaneously reconstructing the history, art and architecture of St Stephen's Chapel, Hall and Cloister, this project helps us to understand one of the great national stories: the transition from sacred royal power to parliamentary democracy. Our project brings together a team of senior and early career historians and art historians, with different ways of working and across a chronology of seven centuries, to address a set of questions which no single discipline can comprehend. What role has St Stephen's played in British political culture, and what is its modern legacy? What contribution has St Stephen's made to the development of art and architecture, and in what ways has its fabric constructed or reflected its changing role in national life? Our multi-disciplinary approach is embedded in the structure of the project, which pairs historians and art historians in a series of complementary research topics in order to produce the fullest possible biography of this magnificent building. Topics investigated include the medieval college and canons of St Stephen's; the conversion from royal collegiate chapel to Commons' Chamber; Christopher Wren's refurbishment of St Stephen's, and antiquarian efforts to protect its architectural heritage; and the post-1834 Hall and surviving Undercroft chapel as a recreation of the splendour of the middle ages, a unique site of national memory.Why has the full span of this story never been told? Previous research on St Stephen's has been disjointed and surprisingly scant, presented in terms that limit its impact beyond the immediate academic specialism. Public appreciation is hindered by the difficulty in visualising a building with a complex history, and by problems of access to the stunning Cloister and Undercroft, both still in daily use; the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, on which St Stephen's was modelled, is far more visible and correspondingly better known. Our project tackles this deficit in scholarly and public understanding in three ways: by publishing a series of books, articles and conference papers covering all aspects of the historical, architectural and cultural significance of St Stephen's; by facilitating public access to St Stephen's Hall, Cloister and Undercroft during the 2015 colloquium and 2016 international conference; and through the Virtual St Stephen's strand, a digital reconstruction of the site during the different phases of its evolution, designed by the University of York's Centre for Christianity and Culture and utilising the data generated by the core team of investigators, research fellow and assistants, and PhD student. The resulting online resource, hosted by the Houses of Parliament, will guarantee the academic and public impact of our research far beyond the funded life of this project.

这个为期三年的项目由约克大学和历史研究所合作，与议会大厦合作，并得到议会历史信托基金的支持。位于威斯敏斯特宫（Palace of Westminster）中心的圣斯蒂芬教堂（St Stephen’s Chapel）是英国公共生活延续最杰出的例子之一。圣斯蒂芬教堂由爱德华一世建立，由爱德华三世进行了华丽的装饰，是统治中世纪后期英格兰的君主与教会联盟的代表。随着宗教改革的到来，它的院长和教长学院变得多余，圣斯蒂芬教堂进入了一个戏剧性的新阶段，作为下议院的第一个永久会议场所。近三百年来，国会议员在一座曾经是教堂的建筑里开会，对面的长椅取代了唱诗班的座位，而议长的椅子则取代了曾经的圣坛。当下议院的会议厅在1834年的毁灭性大火中被烧毁时，这个空间被重新命名为圣斯蒂芬大厅，并被赋予了另一个新的角色，作为通往巴里和普金建造的哥特式复兴宫殿的入口，它的形式保存到今天。通过同时重建圣斯蒂芬教堂、大厅和修道院的历史、艺术和建筑，这个项目帮助我们理解一个伟大的国家故事：从神圣的王权到议会民主的转变。我们的项目汇集了一个由资深和早期职业历史学家和艺术历史学家组成的团队，他们以不同的工作方式，跨越七个世纪的年表，来解决一系列单一学科无法理解的问题。圣斯蒂芬教堂在英国政治文化中扮演了什么角色？它的现代遗产是什么？圣斯蒂芬大教堂对艺术和建筑的发展做出了什么贡献？它的结构以什么方式构建或反映了它在国民生活中不断变化的角色？我们的多学科方法嵌入到项目的结构中，它将历史学家和艺术史学家配对在一系列互补的研究主题中，以便为这座宏伟的建筑提供尽可能完整的传记。调查的主题包括中世纪学院和圣斯蒂芬的教规；由皇家学院礼拜堂改为下议院会议厅；克里斯托弗·雷恩（Christopher Wren）对圣斯蒂芬教堂（St Stephen’s）的翻新，以及古物学家为保护其建筑遗产所做的努力；1834年后的大厅和幸存的地下教堂是中世纪辉煌的再现，是国家记忆的独特场所。为什么这个故事的整个过程从来没有被讲述过？以前对圣斯蒂芬的研究是脱节的，而且令人惊讶地少，其提出的术语限制了它在直接学术专业之外的影响。由于难以将具有复杂历史的建筑视觉化，以及难以进入仍在日常使用的令人惊叹的修道院和地下建筑，阻碍了公众的欣赏；圣斯蒂芬教堂仿照的巴黎圣礼拜堂更为显眼，因此也更为人所知。我们的项目通过三种方式解决了学术界和公众对圣斯蒂芬大教堂理解上的不足：出版一系列书籍、文章和会议论文，涵盖圣斯蒂芬大教堂历史、建筑和文化意义的各个方面；在2015年的研讨会和2016年的国际会议期间，方便公众进入圣斯蒂芬大厅、修道院和地下墓园；通过Virtual St Stephen’s strand，这是由约克大学基督教与文化中心设计的，利用由调查人员、研究员、助理和博士生组成的核心团队生成的数据，对该遗址在其发展的不同阶段进行的数字重建。由此产生的在线资源，由议会大厦主持，将保证我们的研究的学术和公共影响远远超过这个项目的资助生命。

项目成果

PICTURING PARLIAMENT: THE GREAT SEAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE HOUSE OF COMMONS

描绘议会：英联邦国徽和下议院

• DOI: 10.1017/s0003581521000020
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Antiquaries Journal
• 作者: Cooper J

Fourteenth Century England X -

十四世纪英格兰 X -

• DOI: 10.1017/9781787442030.009
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Biggs E

Space and Sound in the British Parliament, 1399 to the Present: Architecture, Access and Acoustics

英国议会的空间和声音，1399 年至今：建筑、交通和声学

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Cooper JPD

Virtual St Stephen's: The Medieval Model and the Art Historian

虚拟圣斯蒂芬大教堂：中世纪模式和艺术史学家

• DOI: 10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-16/tayers2
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: British Art Studies
• 作者: Ayers T

New Approaches to St Stephen's Chapel, Palace of Westminster

威斯敏斯特宫圣史蒂芬教堂的新方式

• DOI: 10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-16/tayers
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: British Art Studies
• 作者: Ayers T