'Gut Feeling' in Designing and Developing New Products in Small Creative Companies

“直觉”通常被理解为创意设计中隐含的一部分，但它的过程并没有被观察到，也很少被理解。设计师认为自己是直觉的，雇主希望他们在设计消费品时以直觉的方式行事。相比之下，工程设计师不会表现出这些特点，通常会以明显更基于规则的方式工作。观察设计的历史往往在很大程度上是基于理性的简约主义。这项建议旨在通过激发实践设计师和小公司内与设计密切相关的人的观点和经验，使直觉及其价值显而易见。这将包括在消费品的早期设计阶段记录对选定的直观曲目或主题的回忆。在大学的初始范围确定研讨会之后，将在每个公司举行为期6个月的一些网络活动，并将涉及对设计师在交流中使用的录音话语进行分析。这将在实际设计决策中确立直觉的位置，并产生原创的研究材料。设计师在《事后诸葛亮的故事》中的直觉将被记录下来。在每个公司内部，这将尝试捕获选定的关键直观决策的开始、发展历程、生命周期和地理位置的关键细节。这将涉及研究生极其敏感的参与，并产生相当数量的基于文本的叙事，这些叙事将被伦理地开发和评估。将使用软件(NVivo 9)管理这些叙述和分析产生的概念和想法的模型开发，同时提供分析过程的审计跟踪。这项研究将得到最初由AHRC资助的主管在知识转移和设计风险方面所做的工作的支持：RG/AN6609/APN17512，1/2/04-30/4/07，并将为小公司参与和传播奠定坚实的基础。参与将提供一种有效和新颖的手段，在新产品开发项目的较长时间内，在真实情况下确定决策。通过从设计师最初的决定中获取直观的主题，计划在每个公司的详细案例研究材料中描述直觉的明确性质和价值。直觉或直觉思维，包括设计创造力，作为设计产品的核心组成部分，其更广泛的含义将有助于更清楚地理解设计产品的创新。它希望在压力越来越大、限制越来越多的设计环境中为创造力提供辩护。这项研究很重要，因为它将提供关于设计、设计过程和参与式研究方法的新知识。它还将提高参与公司及其设计师利用直觉的能力，在工作完成时通过公司内研讨会。传播将通过期刊出版物面向学术界，也将面向参与的公司，并将包括旨在进一步研究的国际网络发展。

'Gut feeling' is often understood to be an implicit part of creative designing yet its process has not been observed and is little understood. Designers think of themselves as intuitive, and they are expected by employers to behave in intuitive ways when designing consumer goods. In contrast, engineering designers are not expected to exhibit these characteristics and would typically work in apparently more rule-based ways. The history of observing designing has often been largely reductionist and rationally based. This proposal aims to make gut feeling and its value explicit by eliciting the views and experiences of practicing designers and those closely linked to design within small firms. This will include the recording the recollections of selected intuitive tracks or themes within early stage designing of consumer goods. After an initial scoping workshop in the University, a number of network events will held be over 6 months in each company and will involve analysis of the recorded discourses used by designers in their exchanges. This will establish the places of gut feeling in practical design decisions and produce original research material. Designers' gut feeling in 'hindsight stories' will be recorded. Within each company this will attempt to capture critical details of the start, evolution journey, lifespan and geography of selected critical intuitive decisions. This will involve extremely sensitive participation by the research student and generate a considerable amount of text-based narrative, which will be ethically developed and evaluated. Software (Nvivo 9) will be used to manage these narratives and the development of models of the concepts and ideas emerging from the analysis, while providing an audit trail of the analysis process. The research will be underpinned by previous work in both Knowledge Transfer and Risk in Design by the supervisors originally funded by AHRC: RG/AN6609/APN17512, 1/2/04-30/4/07 and will form a sound basis for participation with small companies and in dissemination. Participation will provide an effective and novel means of identifying decision-making in authentic situations, over extended periods within new product development projects. By capturing intuitive themes from designer's original decisions it is planned that the explicit nature and value of intuition will be characterised in detailed case study material for each company. The wider implications of gut feeling or intuitive thinking, including creativity in design, as a central component of designed products will contribute to a clearer understanding of innovation in designing products. It is hoped to provide a defence of creativity within increasingly pressured and restricted design environments. This research is important because it will provide new knowledge about designing, the design process and participatory research methods. It will also increase the capability of participating companies and their designers to utilise intuition, through in-company seminars at the completion of the work. Dissemination will be for academic communities through journal publication but also for participating companies and will include international network development aimed at further research.