MIXTURE INTERACTIONS IN OLFACTION--EFFECTS & MECHANISMS

这个项目的长期目标是发现基本原理 管理气味混合物及其化合物的检测和鉴别 组件。这项研究的重点将放在对二进制数据的响应上 气味混合物，这将作为更复杂的混合物的模型。一个 在气味或味觉混合物的研究中通常观察到的是 对混合物的反应通常是不可预测的，即使当对 混合物的各个成分都是已知的。这些现象， 被称为混合物相互作用，广泛存在于人类以及 低等动物。建议的项目使用作为实验动物模型。 刺龙虾Panulirus Argus，已被证明是一种极好的 嗅觉研究系统，包括混合物相互作用和 质量编码的行为和神经方面。这样做的具体目的是 项目是：(1)识别和表征嗅觉混合物 二元气味混合物的相互作用；(2)混合物的影响 行为与神经辨别质量的交互作用 二元气味混合物。将确定混合物相互作用，并 特点是将行为和神经反应应用于二元组 配基-受体数学模型中的混合物及其组成 有约束力的。混合物相互作用的机制将通过 气味物质与嗅觉感受器结合的生化研究 细胞树突。混合物相互作用对性别差异的影响 将描述二元气味混合物及其组成的质量 通过评估包含以下内容的二元混合物的质量区分 显示或不显示混合交互的组件，使用以前的 已开发的技术：用于神经识别，多变量分析 嗅觉感受器细胞的单位神经生理学数据和 嗅觉脑间神经元；行为辨别，多变量 差异厌恶条件反射的结果分析。

The long-term objective of this project is to discover basic principles governing the detection and discrimination of odorant mixtures and their components. The focus of this research will be on responses to binary odorant mixtures, which will serve as a model for more complex mixtures. A common observation in studies of mixtures of odorants or tastants is that responses to mixtures are often not predictable, even when the responses to the individual components of the mixture are known. These phenomena, termed mixture interactions, are widespread, occurring in humans as well as lower animals. The proposed project uses as the experimental animal model the spiny lobster Panulirus argus, which has proven to be an excellent system for studies of olfaction, including mixture interactions and behavioral and neural aspects of quality coding. The specific aims of this project are to: (1) identify and characterize olfactory mixture interactions for binary odorant mixtures; (2) the effects of mixture interactions on behavioral and neural discrimination of the quality of binary odorant mixtures. Mixture interactions will be identified and characterized by applying behavioral and neural responses to binary mixtures and their components to mathematical models of ligand-receptor binding. Mechanisms of mixture interactions will be identified through biochemical studies of binding of odorants to receptor sites on olfactory cell dendrites. The effect of mixture interactions on discrimination of quality of binary odorant mixtures and their components will be described by evaluating quality discrimination for binary mixtures containing components that do or do not show mixture interaction, using previously developed techniques: for neural discrimination, multivariate analysis of single-unit neurophysiological data from olfactory receptor cells and olfactory brain interneurons; for behavioral discrimination, multivariate analysis of results of differential aversive conditioning.