Care for Music - an ethnography of music in late life and end of life settings

该项目的重点是现代死亡情况下的音乐制作，以及与（i）生命终结（有时间限制的疾病或状况）和（ii）晚年（更长的“萎缩”和/或长期残疾）有关的音乐制作。这项研究从一个基本问题开始，在我们看来，这个问题还没有得到充分的回答：音乐如何在护理的情况下发挥作用？在这个问题背后是一个假设，即音乐护理比音乐治疗和社区音乐模型可能暗示的更复杂。这些模式倾向于通过音乐“为”“护理接受者”的概念，以个人主义和病态的方式优先考虑专业音乐提供者的活动和机构。但是，将音乐视为“护理”（而不是“护理”音乐）回避了复杂的合作实践和代理形式，所有参与者（音乐家，音乐治疗师，护理人员，健康专业人员，家庭和所谓的“护理接收者”），使音乐在护理场景中有帮助（和有意义）。对这种做法的关注使三个在音乐和护理文献中隐含的问题浮出水面。这些是感性的、本体论的和方法论的。音乐参与的过程往往是隐性的，短暂的和社会空间分布，因此难以感知。它们也与作为对象的“音乐”语言联系在一起，因此与刺激-反应的本体论联系在一起，而不是与作为联合活动的音乐联系在一起。它们很难记录，除非在时间和空间的背景下观察，并根据其演变的历史-为此，需要专业的方法。所采用的方法论视角是民族志，通过音乐和可能对护理环境中的行动机会产生影响的方式，追踪人与人之间的联系和关系，因为这些联系和关系是在真实的时间中每时每刻制作的。该项目将产生四个相互关联的民族志案例研究：（1）在护理设施（具有神经残疾专业）社区音乐治疗的纵向研究，跟踪微观细节，并在个人和集体音乐交流工作内部和之间建立联系（2）和（3）在两个旗舰收容所的环境中进行音乐/音乐治疗研究，一个在英国，一个在挪威。(4)通过使用简单的数字资源提示预先选择的声音和记忆，研究与记忆丧失患者的关系。在每种情况下，该项目将研究在受限的情况下管理制作和注意音乐的微妙，适应性和经常被忽视的实践-相互定向如何形成，如何进行津贴，如何支持音乐手势和行为，由谁，用什么和怎么做这一重点将反过来支持第二个关键任务，这将是映射的音乐实践的多样性被发现，并遵循这些做法，因为他们是连接（由参与者）到其他做法，活动，情况和事件，同时发展的设置和方式，通知未来的事件。最终，该项目将解决这样一个问题，即如何共同制作音乐，为最广泛意义上的护理提供新的机会，例如，培养音乐化的环境，使客户和护理人员可以发现新形式的关系，同情，活动和相互理解。

The project focuses on music-making in situations of modern dying and in relation to both (i) end-of-life (time-limited illnesses or conditions) and (ii) late life (more lengthy 'dwindling' and/or long-term disability). The research begins with a basic question which in our view has not yet been answered adequately: how does music work in situations of care? Behind this question is an assumption that musical care is more complex than models in music therapy and community music might imply. These models have tended to prioritise the activities and agencies of specialist music providers through a notion of music 'for' 'care recipients' and in individualistic and pathologised ways. But looking at music 'for care' (as opposed to 'care for' music) sidesteps the complex collaborative practices, and forms of agency, on the part of all the people involved (musicians, music therapists, carers, health professionals, family and so-called 'care-receivers'), that make music helpful (and meaningful) within scenes of care. A focus on this practice brings to the surface three otherwise implicit problems in the music and care literatures. These are perceptual, ontological and methodological. Processes of musical engagement are often tacit, fleeting and socially-spatially distributed and therefore difficult to perceive. They are also tied to a language of 'music' as an object and therefore to an ontology of stimulus-response rather than music as a joint activity. They are difficult to document unless they are observed in temporal and spatial contexts and in terms of their evolving histories - and for this specialist methods are required. The methodological perspective to be employed is ethnographic, to trace connections and relationships between people as they are crafted from moment to moment in real time through music and in ways that may be consequential for action opportunities within settings of care. The project will produce four interlinked ethnographic case studies: (1) A longitudinal study of community music therapy in a care facility (with specialty in neuro-disability), tracking the micro-detail and developing connections within and between individual and collective musical-communicative work (2) and (3) Studies of music/music therapy across the milieu of two flagship hospices, one in the UK, one in Norway. (4) A study of a novel approach to working relationally with people with memory loss by cueing pre-chosen sounds and memories using simple digital resources.In each case, the project will examine the subtle, adaptive, and often unnoticed practices of managing to make and attend to music under constrained circumstances - how mutual orientation takes shape, how allowances are made, how musical gestures and acts are supported, by whom, with what and how. This focus will in turn support a second key task which will be to map the diversity of musical practices to be found and to follow these practices as they are connected (by participants) to other practices, activities, situations, and events that develop concurrently within the setting and in ways that inform future events. Ultimately, the project will address the question of how making music together may open new opportunities for caring understood in its widest sense, for example, fostering musicalised situations within which clients and carers may discover new forms of relation, empathy, activity, and mutual understanding.