COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH ON PARASITIC DISEASES IN SUDAN

项目的总体目标是推进一项合作计划， 热带寄生虫病研究的几个基本问题， 这是苏丹共和国主要卫生优先事项的基础。的 我们寻求的解决办法应该允许得出有价值的推论 对那些参与表征、预防、治疗和 控制热带地区的寄生虫病四是广泛 以及重要的人类寄生虫病：疟疾， 血吸虫病、盘尾丝虫病和利什曼病。疟疾是迄今为止 苏丹最重要的疾病;在没有化疗或 病媒控制干预措施感染的结果主要是 宿主-免疫反应-寄生虫相互作用的结果。的性质 这些，特别是关于T细胞对定义的 抗原和细胞介导的效应机制的模式， 流行地区人群的特征子集形成了重点， 建议#1。血吸虫病现场防治的现代方法 依赖于驱虫药的广泛使用。准确评估 它们在病理学方面的影响及其解决方案， 最近使用非侵入性超声技术成为可能。在 建议#2我们扩展了我们对横截面分析的发现， 受影响社区的Symmer纤维化，包括生化和 免疫学相关的发病和处置的病理 这是染色体病最重要的组成部分。的 伊维菌素，一种新开发的杀微丝蚴剂， 对苏丹盘尾丝虫病的影响是巨大的。然而，主要问题仍然存在， 关于它的药理作用和作用方式以及宿主免疫的作用， 其在体内的疗效和不良后果的反应， 治疗关于盘尾丝虫病的提案3将探讨这些问题。 利什曼病在苏丹东部农村地区很常见， 其发病机制尚未得到很好的表征。 细胞介导和免疫球蛋白类型的纵向监测 在不同疾病阶段和期间和之后的人的反应 治疗将用于建立其发病机制， 并没有很好地描述。纵向监测细胞介导和 不同疾病阶段人群免疫球蛋白反应类型 以及治疗期间和治疗后将用于建立机制， 在发病机制和治疗后将用于建立 在发病机制和治愈的开始， #21444;保护（保护）。苏丹人的持续参与 管理员、专业人员和技术人员 将确保提高未来的国家研究能力， 研究结果应该有助于改善医疗保健， 全国各地受影响的人口。

The overall project objective is to carry forward a collaborative program of tropical parasitic disease research on several basic problems which underlie the major health priorities of the Republic of Sudan. The solutions we seek should permit inferences to be drawn which are of value to those involved in the characterization, prevention, treatment and control of parasitic diseases elsewhere in the tropics. Four widespread and important human parasitoses will be addressed: malaria, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis and leishmaniasis. Malaria is by far the most important disease in Sudan; in the absence of chemotherapeutic or vector control interventions the outcome of infection is largely the result of host-immune response - parasite interactions. The nature of these, specifically with regard to T cell responsiveness to defined antigens and the pattern of cell-mediated effector mechanisms in well characterized subsets of endemic area populations form the focus for proposal #1. Contemporary approaches to schistosomiasis in the field depend on widespread use of anthelmintic drugs. The accurate assessment of their impact in terms of pathology and its resolution has only recently become possible using non-invasive ultrasound technology. In proposal #2 we extend our findings on cross-sectional analysis of Symmer;s fibrosis in affected communities to include biochemical and immunological correlates of the onset and disposition of pathologic changes in this most important component of schistosomal disease. The potential impact of ivermectin, a newly developed microfilaricidal agent, on onchocerciasis in Sudan is enormous. However, major questions remain about its pharmacology and mode of action and the role of host-immune responses in its efficacy in vivo and the adverse consequences of treatment. These will be explored in proposal #3 on onchocerciasis. Leishmaniasis, common in rural areas of eastern Sudan, involves immune mechanisms in its pathogenesis which are not well characterized. Longitudinal monitoring of cell-mediated and immunoglobulin types of responses in persons at different disease stages and during and after treatment will be used to establish mechanisms in its pathogenesis which are not well characterized. Longitudinal monitoring of cell-mediated and immunoglobulin types of responses in persons at different disease stages and during and after treatment will be used to establish mechanisms that operate in pathogenesis and after treatment will be used to establish mechanisms that operate in pathogenesis and in the onset of cure and perhaps protection (Project #4. Sustained involvement of Sudanese administrators, professionals, and technicians throughout this program will ensure enhancement of national research capacity for the future, and the research results should contribute to improvements in health care for the affected human populations throughout the country.