OLDEST-OLD MORTALITY FOR MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLIES

关于死亡力的轨迹我们知之甚少 （死亡的危险）在非人类物种的高龄。 此外，人们对宇宙中的引力的轨迹知之甚少。 任何物种，无论是人类还是非人类， 当个体都生活在非常相似的环境中时 条件 这一建议旨在阐明这两个 通过收集，分析和发布生存数据来解决问题， 100万只地中海果蝇被单独饲养， 容器在严格控制的条件下。 这些数据将被用来分析六组素数问题 对这一关于高龄老人死亡率方案项目感兴趣： --在以下情况下，个人寿命的异质性有多大？ 严格控制的条件？ --物种寿命（即，可达到的最高年龄 物种中的个体）似乎是决定性的，或者 概率性的？ --死亡力的轨迹是什么形状 在老年？ --死亡的力量似乎有两个组成部分， “过早死亡”和“衰老死亡”的区别吗 男性和女性的死亡率轨迹如何比较？ --不同大小的脓疱的死亡率轨迹如何 比较？ 这六组问题将以两种方式处理。 第一、 人口统计学家的标准方法--生活的构建 表-将被使用。 第二，生存数据， 将使用生存参数方法分析协变量 分析.

Little is known about the trajectory of the force of mortality (hazard of death) at advanced ages among non-human species. Furthermore, little is known about the trajectory of the force of mortality at advanced ages among any species, human or non-human, when individuals all live under very similar environmental conditions. This proposal is designed to shed light on these two questions by gathering, analyzing, and publishing survival data on one million Mediterranean fruit flies raised in individual containers under carefully controlled conditions. The data will be used to analyze six sets of questions of prime interest to this program project on oldest-old mortality: -- How much heterogeneity is there in individual lifespans under carefully controlled conditions? -- Does the species lifespan (i.e., the maximum age attainable by an individual in the species) appear to be deterministic or probabilistic? -- What is the shape of the trajectory of the force of mortality at older ages? -- Does the force of mortality appear to have two components, a "premature death" and a "senescent death" component? -- How do male and female mortality trajectories compare? -- How do the mortality trajectories for different size pupae compare? These six sets of questions will be addressed in two ways. First, the demographer's standard approach -- the construction of life tables -- will be employed. Second, the survival data, with covariates, will be analyzed using parametric methods of survival analysis.