Disarming International Law: forgotten pasts and future possibilities on a global front line

该项目建议及时重新评估传统上被边缘化的国际法贡献者，对裁军法的历史产生新的见解。尽管群众运动是20世纪每一次重大裁军倡议背后的公认事实，但法律学术仍然集中在以国家为基础或以精英为中心的这段历史的叙述上。最近关于非国家行为者角色的尝试倾向于普遍化叙事，即从上面提供全景视图，而不是“从下面”对许多不同的裁军法律问题进行特定地点和背景的描述。当代关于国际裁军的范围、定义和目标的辩论继续受到历史叙述的影响，因此有必要重新评价这些叙述，以便对目前的裁军斗争提供批判性的见解。值得注意的是，该项目将苏格兰的裁军行动主义作为其核心案例研究。苏格兰是一个很少参与国际法律学术研究的地方，该项目假设，它提供了从根本上重新思考国际法在哪里以及如何被辩论、争论和制定的潜力，这与传统的理论和法律实践的理解背道而驰。对苏格兰行动主义的深入分析阐明了裁军问题曾经并继续受到辩论和法律争议的其他全球地点的联系和比较经验。该项目利用激进分子产生的材料和来源，将苏格兰作为全球前线的经验——曾经是欧洲最大的核武器集中地——置于反帝国主义、跨国社会运动和环境保护主义的更广泛背景下。该项目追踪在法律斗争的特定时刻从这个特定地点产生的对裁军的不同理解。它追溯了1916年和平运动妇女的激进主义，通过格拉斯哥的红色克莱德，布尔什维克革命对苏格兰国际主义者的影响，到21世纪之交的冷战反核激进主义和环境保护主义者的直接行动。该项目对全球联系和边缘化法律斗争的关注，再次引起人们对国际法中对法律变革和立法的传统理解中根深蒂固的缺陷的关注。该项目的方法论采用了广泛的材料来为法律分析提供信息——考虑到图像、横幅和创造性艺术作品与生活历史的重要性——同样引发了对如何调查国际法制定和辩论的重新思考。至关重要的是，该项目对这段边缘历史的恢复受到了来自女权主义和后殖民理论的创新见解的影响。它承认，妇女和被剥夺者的声音不断地被从记录中抹去，不仅是通过以重大事件和伟大（白人）男人为中心的部分叙述，而且是在专业实践和正统教义上。它利用“另类档案”来了解裁军法律的发展，研究个人日记、回忆录和当地社区的竞选材料，以及口头证词，以记录和保存这段被边缘化的历史。PI的专著将为持续的跨学科交流提供基础，并就其经验方法的含义进行更广泛的辩论，这一辩论将由一个主要的国际会议和特刊进行扩展。项目见证和委托艺术品——见证参与者的肖像和描绘参与者描述的事件的图画小说——将用于面对面和永久的在线展览，以提高历史意识，并形成苏格兰学校课程开发的教育资源基础。

This project proposes a timely reappraisal of traditionally marginalised contributors to international law, generating new insights into the history of disarmament laws. Despite the widely acknowledged fact that mass movements have been behind every major disarmament initiative of the 20th century, legal scholarship remains centred upon either a state-based or elite-focused account of this history. And recent attempts to address the role of non-state actors have tended towards universalising narratives that offer a panoramic view from above, rather than a place- and context-specific account of the many and varied engagements with disarmament legal issues 'from below'. Contemporary debates on the scope, definition and goals of international disarmament continue to be framed by historical narratives, therefore a reappraisal of those narratives is necessary to offer critical insight on present disarmament struggles.Significantly, the project takes as its central case study, the examination of Scottish-based disarmament activism. Scotland is a rarely engaged site for international legal scholarship and one that, the project hypothesises, offers the potential for radically rethinking where and how international law can be debated, contested, and made that runs counter to traditional understandings of doctrine and legal practice. In depth analysis of activism in Scotland illuminates the connections and comparative experience of other global sites at which disarmament issues were and continue to be debated and legally contested. Using activist-generated materials and sources, the project situates Scotland's experience as a global front line - at one time the site of the largest concentration of nuclear weapons in Europe - within a broader context of anti-imperialism, transnational social movements and environmentalism. The project tracks distinct understandings of disarmament that emerged from this specific site at particular moments of legal struggle. It traces activism by the Peace Crusade women of 1916 through Glasgow's Red Clydeside and the influence of the Bolshevik Revolution on Scottish internationalists, to Cold War anti-nuclear activism and environmentalist direct actions at the turn of the 21st century. The project's focus on global connections and marginalised legal struggles draws renewed attention to the entrenched deficits in traditional understandings of legal change and law-making in international law. The project's methodological engagement with a wide range of materials to inform legal analysis - taking account of, eg, the importance of images, banners and creative artworks alongside lived histories - similarly provokes a rethinking of how to investigate the making and debating of international law.Crucially, the project's recovery of this marginal history is informed by innovative insights drawn from feminist and postcolonial theory. It recognises that the voices of women and the dispossessed are continually erased from the record not only through partial narratives centred upon great events and great (white) men, but upon professional practices and doctrinal orthodoxies. It draws upon an 'alternative archive' for understanding the development of disarmament laws, examining personal diaries, memoirs and local community campaigning materials together with oral testimonies to document and preserve this marginalised history. The PI's monograph will provide the grounding for sustained interdisciplinary exchange and a wider debate on the implications of its empirical approach, this debate being extended by a major international conference and Special Issue. The project testimonies, and commissioned artworks - portraits of testimony participants and graphic novel depicting events described by participants - will be used for an in-person and permanent online exhibition to enhance historical awareness, and form the basis of educational resources for curriculum development in Scottish schools.