Wildfire Resilient Cultural Heritage

野火是一个社会自然过程，体现了人类社会复杂的二重性。人类使用火来改变他们的景观，清理土地用于农业和发展，并补充土壤养分。与此同时，火灾的破坏力危及生计、传统和景观。人为气候变化直接影响自然环境，间接影响社会结构和行为，破坏野火与人类的关系，威胁到物质和非物质文化遗产。应对气候驱动的火灾状况变化对物质和非物质文化遗产带来的日益严峻的挑战，需要建立对野火-文化关系的系统和基于地方的理解，以支持促进遗产抵御野火威胁的政策。在此背景下，FIRECULT将：（1）记录和探索火灾状况特征在地方文化、遗产和景观发展中的作用;（2）描述火灾状态变化对生活方式、景观和地标的风险;（3）量化野火频率、强度和范围变化对文化遗产造成的直接和间接成本;（4）评估传统火灾管理的可持续性，并确定最佳做法;（5）制定野火复原遗产治理战略;以及（6）促进跨学科和跨区域的文物保护知识交流，包括目前和即将发生火灾的地区。FIRECULT将在全球和地方范围内研究气候-野火-遗产之间的关系。全球建模活动旨在评估气候引起的野火状况变化对遗产的跨界、生物群落一级的影响，评估火灾对生活方式、景观和地标的风险。当地的分析发生在四个案例研究地点的遗产丰富的景观在爱尔兰，肯尼亚，土耳其和意大利，有目的地选择代表一系列的生物群落，目前和预计的火灾风险水平，以及传统的土地利用管理。

Wildland fire is a socio-natural process embodying a complex duality for human societies. Humans use fire to modify their landscape, clear land for agriculture and development, and replenish soil nutrients. At the same time, fire's destructive power endangers livelihoods, traditions and landscapes. Anthropogenic climate change disrupts the wildfire-human relationship, directly through its influence on the natural environment and indirectly by impacting on societal structures and behaviours, threatening tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Addressing the growing challenges posed by climate-driven fire regime change on tangible and intangible cultural heritage requires building systematic and place-based understanding of the wildfire-culture relationship to underpin policies promoting heritage resilience to wildfire threats.In this context, FIRECULT will: (1) document and explore the role of fire regime characteristics in the development of local cultures, heritage and landscapes; (2) characterize the risk of fire regime change to lifeways, landscapes and landmarks; (3) quantify the direct and indirect costs to cultural heritage resulting from changing wildfire frequency, intensity and extent; (4) assess the sustainability of traditional fire management and identify best practices; (5) develop strategies for wildfire resilient heritage governance; and (6) facilitate transdisciplinary and cross-regional knowledge exchange for heritage conservation across currently and soon-to-be fire prone regions. FIRECULT will examine the climate-wildfire-heritage nexus at the global and local scales. Global modelling activities are designed to assess the cross-border, biome-level effects of climate-induced wildfire regime change on heritage, assessing the risk of fire to ways of life, landscapes, and landmarks. Local analyses take place in four case study sites of heritage-rich landscapes in Ireland, Kenya, Turkey, and Italy, purposefully selected to represent a range of biomes, levels of current and projected fire risk, and traditions of land use management.