Global quantification of the yeast proteome

细胞中蛋白质的清单。了解活细胞的传统方法是将细胞的复杂性降低到单个部分。我们现在认识到，这已经不够了；我们需要从全局的角度来看待细胞，把它作为一个综合系统来研究。这种“系统级”的方法需要新技术，并且在一次实验中测量所有信使RNA分子（遗传蓝图的工作副本）的能力已经成为主导。但是，这些mRNA分子是真正的细胞机器，蛋白质的中介，可以说我们应该研究后者。然而，由于许多原因，目前还没有对细胞中所有蛋白质进行大规模定量测量的等效方法。然而，如果我们要理解细胞是一个复杂的、动态的系统（蛋白质水平上升和下降），以及它们之间复杂的相互作用，我们需要有一个“部件清单”。我们已经设计了一种新技术，能够非常精确地测量每种蛋白质的分子数量，我们希望接受挑战，为研究得最好的细胞——面包师的酵母——建立蛋白质清单。为了补充这些数据，我们还知道如何测量细胞组成部分（蛋白质）的制造和再循环的速度。这将是第一个已经建立的库存，在测量时保持酵母蛋白不变，对生物界具有很大的价值。要做到这一点，我们需要大规模地推广这项技术，试图量化超过4000种蛋白质，这需要一个长期的项目，需要酵母生物学、蛋白质化学、质谱和生物信息学方面的专业知识。蛋白质部分大多被组装成完成细胞工作的机器。通过了解这种复杂的机器是如何制造的，我们将开始了解细胞如何平衡反应的灵活性（在时间上，在机器类型方面）与质量控制，制造原则和能源成本。一旦生成，我们将把我们所有的数据从我们自己的网站和国际数据库中提供给生物界。

An inventory of the proteins in a cell. A traditional approach to understanding the living cell is to reduce cell complexity to individual parts . We now recognize that this is no longer enough; we need to take a global view of the cell and study it as an integrated system. This 'systems level' approach requires new technologies, and has been led by the ability to measure all of the messenger RNA molecules, the working copies of the genetic blueprint, in a single experiment. But, these mRNA molecules are intermediaries for the true cellular machines, the proteins, and arguably we ought to be studying the latter. However, for many reasons there are no equivalent approaches for large scale quantitative measurement of all proteins in a cell. Yet, if we are to understand the cell as a complex, dynamic system (protein levels go up and down), as well as the complicated interplay between them, we need to have an 'inventory of parts'. We have devised a new technology that is able to measure, very accurately, the number of molecules of each protein and we wish to take on the challenge of building a protein inventory for the best studied cell, that of the baker's yeast. To supplement these data, we also know how to measure how rapidly the parts (proteins) of the cell are made and recycled. This will be the first inventory that has been built that leaves the yeast proteins unaltered whilst being measured and will be of great value to the biological community. To do this we need to roll this technique out on a grand scale to attempt to quantify over 4000 proteins, requiring a long-term project with expertise in yeast biology, protein chemistry, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. The protein parts are mostly assembled into machines that do the work of the cell. By understanding how such complex machinery is made, we will begin to understand how the cell balances flexibility of response (in time, and in terms of types of machine) with quality control, manufacturing principles and energy costs. Once generated, we will make all our data available to the biological community both from our own website, and also international repositories.