MECHANISM AND REGULATION OF CONTRACTILE PROTEINS

这项研究的长期目标是更好地了解 收缩过程及其调节的机制。 收缩性是许多生物系统的重要特性， 除了骨骼肌。 血管中的平滑肌 胃肠道提供适当的搅拌所需的 消化和平滑肌在循环系统中起着主要的作用 作用 非肌肉细胞中的收缩蛋白被认为与 在细胞分裂、细胞质流动、吞噬作用和其他过程中 需要改变和维持细胞形状。 的收缩 血小板细胞在血凝块的成熟中是重要的。 这个项目是沿着几条主线进行的。 第一个涉及 更好地了解骨骼肌系统的发展。 这 肌肉是最好理解的收缩系统，但仍有许多工作要做。 确定包括丝状组织的影响和 肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白之间相互作用的详细性质和控制。 一 第二个主要的研究方向涉及应用于其他收缩性 系统的技术开发与骨骼肌。 顺利 初步研究了鸡的肌营养状况。 其他可能 应用包括血小板的非肌肉收缩系统。 的 第三个主要的研究方向是使用收缩蛋白作为一种 一个模型系统，用于发展对 超分子酶催化与调控 结构. 这是一个核心问题， 酶学从研究体外稀释溶液中的反应， 体内反应的复杂性。 将广泛使用同位素标记的交换反应， 水和ATP水解产生的磷酸盐之间的氧原子。 对这种交换反应的分析为我们提供了有力的见解， 骨骼肌球蛋白的机制，并继续这样做。 它代表了一 这是一个方便和有前途的探讨其他收缩机制的方法。 系统也是如此。

The long term goal of this research is to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying contractile processes and their regulation. Contractility is an important property of many biological systems in addition to that of skeletal muscle. The smooth muscles in the gastro-intestinal tract provide the agitation necessary for proper digestion and the smooth muscles in the circulatory system play a major role. Contractile proteins in non-muscle cells are believed to be involved in cell division, cytoplasmic streaming, phagocytosis and other processes requiring modification and maintenance of cell shape. The contraction of the platelet cell is important in the maturation of blood clots. This project is directed along several major lines. The first involves development of a better understanding of the skeletal muscle system. This muscle is the best understood contractile system, but much remains to be determined including the influence of the filamentous organization and the detailed nature and control of the interaction between actin and myosin. A second major line of research involves the application to other contractile systems of the techniques developed with skeletal muscle. The smooth muscle of chicken gizzard will be initially studied. Other possible applications include the non-muscle contractile system of platelets. The third major line of research is the use of the contractile proteins as a model system for developing a general understanding of the influence on enzymatic catalysis and regulation of having enzyme sites supramolecular structures. This is a problem which is central to the extension of enzymology from the study of reactions in dilute solutions in vitro into the complexity of reactions as they occur in vivo. Extensive use will be made of the exchange reaction of isotopically labeled oxygen atoms between water and the phosphate produced by ATP hydrolysis. Analysis of this exchange reaction has provided powerful insight into the mechanism of skeletal myosin and continue to do so. It represents a convenient and promising probe into the mechanisms of other contractile systems as well.