Chemical manipulation and mechanisms of weed seed persistance, dormancy release and germination

杂草种子持久性、休眠解除和发芽的化学操作和机制

基本信息

批准号：
BB/M02203X/1
负责人：
Gerhard Leubner
金额：
$ 48.18万
依托单位：
Royal Holloway University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM02203X%2F1
关键词：
Chemical manipulation mechanisms weed seed

项目摘要

An undeniable and expensive problem of any agricultural practice is the adaptation of weeds to these agricultural systems. This problem is further amplified by climate change, weeds adapt very quickly to environmental change including heat stress. The sustainable intensification of food production necessary to feed the world's growing population will only be achievable if crop harvest losses can be minimised. About 10% of crop production is currently lost to weeds and this loss would be far greater without the use of herbicides. However, the continued effectiveness of herbicide technology is threatened by the rapid advance of weed biotypes that are resistant to herbicides. Resistant weeds are now a problem across most chemical classes of herbicide and also across all the major cropping regions. Thus weed control represents a major concern for global food security, especially given that no new herbicide modes of action have been commercialized since the 1980s. New weed control tools are urgently required especially in the UK where EU/UK regulations have caused shrinkage in our 'crop protection toolbox' ("Healthy Harvest" initiative, UK National Farmers Union). Investment in crop protection in Europe has fallen from 33.3% of worldwide investment in the 1980s to 7.7% today. There is an urgent need for the development of new active substances which are effective and environmentally safe for the production of healthy food. This is also important for food quality and for preventing further food price rises which have recently affected UK consumers more than those in the mainland Europe.The problem of effective weed control is most severe in annual field crop systems and with annual weeds which emerge at the same time as the crop seedlings. These problem weeds owe their success, at least in part, to the formation of large and persistent soil seed banks. The premise of the current application is that novel and effective weed control tools might be found in compounds that either 1) promote the coordinated germination of weed seeds in the soil bank and/or 2) in 'seedicides' that kill weed seeds at the ungerminated or a very early germination stage. In the former case, germination-promoting compounds might be applied prior to conventional herbicides (or alternative non-chemical strategies) to achieve more effective control of the total weed seed population while 'seedicides' might be applied after crops have emerged in order to limit late weed emergence. Currently, while some germination stimulants are known, none are commercial and neither do any commercial herbicides deliberately target seed-specific processes. All classical herbicides target processes of growing weed seedlings. Thus there is considerable potential for novel weed control solutions through engaging a deeper understanding of the processes of weed seed germination, survival and persistence.This project establishes a collaboration between the Seed Biology Group of Prof G Leubner at Royal Holloway University of London and Weed Control Research Biology at Syngenta's International Research Centre Jealott's Hill. We plan to investigate the described issues with several representative problem weeds by first modelling their germination responses to a wide range in ambient temperatures, and then by choosing key temperatures to investigate the underlying hormonal changes and molecular mechanisms without and with the application of compounds known to break dormancy and induce germination of seeds. The obtained knowledge will be used to select compound libraries and screen for novel chemicals which have the potential to either promote the coordinated germination of weed seeds and/or to act as 'seedicides'. This will potentially identify novel modes of action instrumental for downstream research to fill our 'crop protection toolbox' with novel chemicals. Our project will generate knowledge to guide the development of novel strategies to control weeds by depleting the seed bank.

任何农业实践的一个不可否认且昂贵的问题是将杂草适应这些农业系统。气候变化进一步扩大了这个问题，杂草非常迅速地适应了包括热应力在内的环境变化。只有在将农作物收获损失最小化的情况下，才能实现养活世界增长所必需的粮食生产的可持续增强。目前，大约10％的作物生产损失了杂草，如果没有使用除草剂，这种损失将远大。但是，除草剂技术的持续有效性受到抗除草剂具有抗药性生物型的迅速发展的威胁。现在，在大多数化学类别的除草剂以及所有主要种植区域中，耐药性杂草是一个问题。因此，杂草控制是全球粮食安全的主要关注点，尤其是考虑到自1980年代以来没有新的除草剂行动方式已商业化。迫切需要新的杂草控制工具，尤其是在英国，欧盟/英国法规在我们的“农作物保护工具箱”中导致收缩（“健康收获”计划，英国国家农民工会）。欧洲农作物保护的投资已从1980年代全球投资的33.3％下降到今天的7.7％。迫切需要开发新的活性物质，这些物质对健康食品的生产既有效又安全。这对于食品质量和防止进一步的食品价格上涨也很重要，而食品价格最近对英国消费者的影响比欧洲大陆更重要。在年度田间农作物系统中，有效的杂草控制问题最严重，并且每年的杂草与作物幼苗同时出现。这些问题杂草至少部分地归功于它们的成功归功于形成大型和持续的土壤种子库。当前应用的前提是，在化合物中可能会发现新颖而有效的杂草控制工具1）在土壤库中促进杂草种子的协调发芽和/或2）在“ SEATIDIDES”中，在未播种或非常早期发芽阶段杀死杂草种子。在前一种情况下，在常规除草剂（或替代性非化学策略）之前，可能会应用发芽化合物，以实现对总杂草种子种群的更有效的控制，而在出现农作物以限制杂草晚期出现后，可能会应用“ Seaticides”。当前，尽管某些发芽刺激剂是已知的，但没有一个商业，并且任何商业除草剂都不是故意针对种子特定过程的。所有经典除草剂的靶向生长杂草幼苗的过程。因此，通过更深入地了解杂草种子发芽，生存和持久性的过程，具有新颖的杂草控制解决方案具有很大的潜力。该项目建立了伦敦皇家霍洛伊大学的G Leubner教授与杂草控制生物学的种子生物学小组之间的合作。我们计划通过首先建模其对环境温度广泛范围的发芽响应，然后选择关键温度来研究基本的激素变化和分子机制，而没有并应用已知的化合物来破坏休眠和诱导种子发芽的化合物，从而研究了描述的问题，然后选择了其对环境温度范围广泛的响应。所获得的知识将用于选择新型化学物质的复合文库和筛选，这些化学物质有可能促进杂草种子的协调发芽和/或作为“ SEATICEDES”。这将有可能识别出新型的动作模式，用于下游研究，以填充我们的“作物保护工具箱”，并用新型化学物质填充我们的“作物保护工具箱”。我们的项目将产生知识，以指导新型策略来通过耗尽种子库来控制杂草。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation underpinning morphological dormancy: a case study using Apium graveolens (Apiaceae).

DOI：
10.1111/tpj.15489
发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
影响因子：
0
作者：
M. Walker;Marta Pérez;Tina Steinbrecher;F. Gawthrop;I. Pavlović;O. Novák;D. Tarkowská;M. Strnad;F. Marone;K. Nakabayashi;G. Leubner‐Metzger
通讯作者：
M. Walker;Marta Pérez;Tina Steinbrecher;F. Gawthrop;I. Pavlović;O. Novák;D. Tarkowská;M. Strnad;F. Marone;K. Nakabayashi;G. Leubner‐Metzger

Seed dormancy and weed emergence: from simulating environmental change to understanding trait plasticity, adaptive evolution, and population fitness.