CS2: TOXIC INTERACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS AND KETONES

虽然有大量的信息， 个别化学品的毒性，信息匮乏 关于与暴露于多种药剂相关的毒性。 这 尤其是不同毒性物质之间的潜在相互作用 乙醇是一种广泛使用且经常被滥用的化学试剂， 在产业工人中。 本项目拟调查 乙醇、其他醇类和其他工业溶剂的相互作用 （酮）对碳代谢、分布、排泄和毒性的影响 二硫化物（CS2）。 近年来，CS2已被证明是由以下代谢： 肝混合功能氧化酶（MFO）系统转化羰基硫（COS）， 产生亲电产物如原子硫， CS2的含氧反应性中间体。 酶的诱导 系统导致CS2的消除增强，因此，据推测， 降低神经毒性危害。 但这是以增加 由于高反应性释放的肝毒性 中间体直接进入肝脏。 乙醇，以及其他几种 醇是众所周知的底物以及诱导剂， MFO系统。 事实上，有大量证据表明， 各种醇与CCl_4和CHCl_3相互作用 肝毒性，这两种卤代烃也需要代谢活化， MFO系统表达其毒性。 一些脂肪族和 还已知芳族酮增强卤烃毒性。 在这 建议在离体肝微粒体中CS2代谢的动力学将 在体内和体外暴露于测试试剂后进行研究。 这将是为了确定这些化学品是否可以在急性 条件下，作为MFO系统的替代底物，因此 抑制CS2的代谢，并在延迟条件下诱导 酶系统，从而增强CS2代谢。 这些实验将 通过研究治疗对CS2代谢的影响， vivo. CS2的分布将被确定， COS和CO2。 还将评估肝脏和神经毒性的几个指标。 评估。 这些包括（1）肝组织学检查，以获得肝硬化的证据。 坏死，（2）血清谷氨酰胺转氨酶，（3）肝细胞色素 P450水平，（4）肝脏P450依赖性硝基苯甲醚脱甲基酶和 苯胺羟化酶和（5）脑去甲肾上腺素作为衡量 神经化学毒性

Although there is considerable amount of information concerning the toxicity of individual chemicals, there is a paucity of information concerning the toxicity associated with exposure to multiple agents. This is particularly true of the potential interaction of diverse toxic agents with ethanol, a widely used and often abused chemical agent, particularly among industrial workers. This project proposes to investigate the interaction of ethanol, other alcohols, and other industrial solvents (ketones) on metabolism, distribution, excretion, and toxicity of carbon disulfide (CS2). In recent years CS2 has been shown to be metabolized by an hepatic mixed function oxidase (MFO) system to carbonyl sulfide (COS), giving rise to electrophilic products such as atomic sulfur and presumably an oxygen-containing reactive intermediate of CS2. Induction of the enzyme system leads to an enhanced elimination of CS2 and thus, presumably, to a decreased neurotoxic hazard. But this occurs at the cost of increased hepatotoxicity due to the elevated liberation of highly reactive intermediates directly in the liver. Ethanol, as well as several other alcohols, are well known to be both substrates as well as inducers of the MFO system. In fact, there has been considerable evidence for the interaction of a variety of alcohols with both CCl4 and CHCl3 hepatotoxicity, both halocarbons also requiring metabolic activation by the MFO system for expression of their toxicity. A number of aliphatic and aromatic ketones are also known to enhance halocarbon toxicity. In this proposal the kinetics of CS2 metabolism in isolated hepatic microsomes will be studied following in vivo and in vitro exposures to the test agents. This will be done to determine if these chemicals can, under acute conditions, serve as alternate substrates for the MFO system and thus inhibit the metabolism of CS2, and under delayed conditions induce the enzyme system, thereby enhancing CS2 metabolism. These experiments will be substantiated by studying the effect of treatment on CS2 metabolism in vivo. The distribution of CS2 will be determined as will the exhalation of COS and CO2. Several indices of hepatic and neurotoxicity will also be evaluated. These include (1) liver histology for evidence of hepatic necrosis, (2) serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, (3) hepatic cytochrome P450 levels, (4) hepatic P450-dependent nitro-anisole demethylase and aniline hydroxylase and (5) brain norepinephrine as a measure of neurochemical toxicity.