PRESBYOPIA: PSYCHOPHYSICAL MEASURES IN AN ANIMAL MODEL

这个项目的主要目的是提供心理物理测量 清醒、警觉的恒河猴一生中的调节幅度 猴子确定自愿住宿是否与年龄相关的变化 药物刺激和电刺激在脑内的平行变化 被麻醉的动物。 测量调节幅度的心理生理学方法 恒河猴将使用两种替代方案进行开发和标准化， 强迫选择辨别任务。乘积将由负数引起 放在眼睛前面的镜片。自愿住宿将是 与局部应用的调节相关 类胆碱药物和电刺激Edinger-Westphal 手术处女动物和单侧畸形动物的核复合体 虹膜切除术。非行为措施适用于这项提议。 终身自愿住宿的年龄相关变化 将被定义并与药理学和 电感应调节。视功能的下降也会 与关节等其他生物老化参数的相关性 活动能力、骨质疏松症、骨性关节炎和脊柱骨赘。 对其他年龄相关疾病的影响的初步调查， 如白内障、黄斑变性，也许还有高眼压 和青光眼，对视功能进行检查。 本研究的总体项目的基本假设 一部分包括(A)恒河猴可以作为研究的模型 人类适应机制与自然历史研究 和老花眼的行为后果；(B)通过使用 该模型上的无创和有创实验方法， 可阐明老花眼的病因；及。(C)此类研究可 最终导致一些方法来预防或防止这种情况的发生 最常见的眼疾。

The primary aim of this project is to provide psychophysical measures of accommodative amplitude over the life-span of the conscious, alert rhesus monkey to determine if age-related changes in voluntary accommodation parallel changes induced by pharmacological and electrical stimuli in the anesthetized animal. Psychophysiological methods for measuring accommodative amplitude in the rhesus monkey will be developed and standardized using a two-alternative, forced-choice discrimination task. Accommodtion will be induced by minus lenses placed in front of the eye. Voluntary accommodation will be correlated with accommodation induced by topical application of cholinomimetic drugs and by electrical stimulation of the Edinger-Westphal nuclear complex in surgically virgin animals and in animals with unilateral iridectomy. The nonbehavioral measures are available to this proposal. Age-related changes in voluntary accommodation over the entire life span will be defined and correlated with the pharmacologically and electrically-induced accomodation. Decline in visual function also will be correlated with other parameters of biological aging such as joint mobility, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and spinal osteophytaxis. Preliminary investigations of the effects of other age-related disorders, such as cataracts, macular degeneration, and perhaps ocular hypertension and glaucoma, on visual function will be undertaken. The fundamental hypotheses of the overall project of which this research is a part include (a) that the rhesus monkey can serve as a model for study of the human accommodative mechanism and for the study of the natural history and behavioral consequences of presbyopia; (b) that through the use of non-invasive and invasive experimental approaches on this model, the etiology of presbyopia may be elucidated; and (c) that such studies may eventually lead to some means to forestall or prevent the onset of this most common ocular affliction.