ROLE OF PEPTIDES IN OCULOMOTOR NEUROTRANSMISSION

动眼神经通路的副交感神经成分负责 一些关键的非视网膜眼球突起，包括控制 光孔，调节和调节视网膜的血液流动。 这条通路中的自主神经节细胞胞体位于 睫状神经节。睫状神经节内的所有突触前终末 起源于Edinger-Westphal核的中脑。乙酰胆碱， 包含在这些终端中，是唯一被证实的神经递质 神经节作用于突触后神经节细胞上的烟碱受体。 P物质样和亮氨酸脑啡肽样免疫反应 定位于大部分胆碱能致密的核心小泡内 鸟类睫状神经节的终末，表明这些神经活动 神经刺激后，多肽与乙酰胆碱一起释放。 这些多肽在动眼系统的神经传递中的作用是 未知，并将在本提案中进行研究。 从鸡胚和孵化的鸡获得完整的睫状神经节 将在体外电生理室中进行研究。 将使用细胞内和细胞外记录方法来 描述神经节中非烟碱传递的特征。的影响 P物质和亮氨酸脑啡肽将通过应用这些 以及相关的多肽。将使用特定的阿片类拮抗剂来揭示 任何内源性阿片类药物的作用。鸟类睫状神经节包含两个 不同类型的突触后细胞，睫状神经和脉络膜神经元。在……里面 此外，突触前终末在 睫状神经节内可见睫状神经元。记录的能力 来自神经节中突触前和突触后神经元的 对这个项目的重要性，因为我们已经证明了神经活性 存在的多肽对神经节突触的两侧都有影响。 在脑片制备中使用细胞内记录，效果 速激肽和阿片肽将在Edinger-Westphal进行检测 已知的接受P物质阳性神经支配的核 对侧视交叉上核。特别值得关注的是 核内胞体多肽反应的比较 它们的终末位于睫状神经节内。 这项提案应提供有关以下方面的重要信息 内源性神经活性多肽在动眼神经突触传递中的作用 路径。许多眼科临床疾病都涉及到这方面的缺陷 系统。这些缺陷包括住宿方面的一些缺陷，内部 眼肌麻痹和紧张性瞳孔。此外，瞳孔的状况 是众多眼科综合征的重要诊断征象 头部的创伤性损伤。

The parasympathetic component of the oculomotor pathway is responsible for a number of critical non-retinal ocular processes, including control of the light aperture, accommodation and regulation of blood flow t the retina. The cell bodies of autonomic ganglion cells in this pathway are located in the ciliary ganglion. All presynaptic terminals in the ciliary ganglion originate in the midbrain in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Acetylcholine, contained within these terminals, is the only proven neurotransmitter in the ganglion, acting at nicotinic receptors on postsynaptic ganglion cells. Substance P-like and leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivities have been localized within dense core vesicles in a majority of the cholinergic terminals in the avian ciliary ganglion, suggesting that these neuroactive peptides are released along with acetylcholine following nerve stimulation. The role of these peptides in neurotransmission in the oculomotor system is not known and will be examined in this proposal. Intact ciliary ganglia obtained from chick embryos and hatched chickens will be studied in an in vitro electrophysiological chamber. Intracellular and extracellular recording methods will be used to characterize non-nicotinic transmission in the ganglion. The effects of substance P and leucine-enkephalin will be examined by application of these and related peptides. Specific opioid antagonists will be used to reveal any endogenous opioid actions. The avian ciliary ganglion contains two distinct types of postsynaptic cells, the ciliary and choroid neurons. In addition, presynaptic terminals which form calyciform endings on the ciliary neurons can be impaled in this ganglion. The ability to record from presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons in the ganglion is of critical importance to the project, since we have shown that the neuroactive peptides present have effects on both sides of the ganglionic synapse. Using intracellular recording in a brain slice preparation, the effects of tachykinins and opioid peptides will be examined in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, which is known to receive a substance P-positive innervation from the contralateral suprachiasmatic nucleus. Of particular interest will be a comparison of the peptide responses of cell bodies in the nucleus to those of their terminals within the ciliary ganglion. This proposal should provide important information on the role of endogenous neuroactive peptides in synaptic transmission in the oculomotor pathway. A number of clinical diseases of the eye involve defects in this system. These include some defects in accommodation, internal ophthalmoplegia and tonic pupil. In addition, the condition of the pupil is an important diagnostic sign in numerous ocular syndromes and in traumatic injuries to the head.