YOUNG CHILDREN'S PERCEPTION OF SELF-MOVEMENT AND ACTION

当人们从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们经常需要跟上 到目前为止，他们的观点发生了变化，即 距离和方向将它们与 周围的环境。成年人可以及时了解这些变化，而不需要 例如，在以下情况下直观地发现它们 被遮挡在视野之外，或者地方是黑暗的，或者观察者是盲人。 目前的实验是关于婴儿和婴儿的精确度 幼儿对自我运动的知觉及其能力 在黑暗中和其他地方搜索物体时对它们采取行动 它们被遮挡在视线之外的情况。 这些实验的重点是儿童在生活中的一段时期 从婴儿期过渡到幼儿期，并在 运动和感知在这一转变中所起的作用。我们 设计了一项行为测试并采用了心理物理方法 评估个体对自我阈值变化的敏感度水平 1至5岁儿童搬到新家后的物体方向 观察点。这项建议是为了估计个人 儿童敏感度阈值水平随变异的变化 在自我运动和环境参照中 一系列横断面实验中的信息，并作为 实验控制变量在儿童智力发育中的作用 长达20个月的纵向运动体验 观察。 运动搜索游戏被用来估计儿童的 敏感度。自我运动变量是运动的 几何体(旋转、平移)、距离和复杂性。这个 参考信息变量是存在或不存在 视觉信息、听觉信息和腿部信息 从走路到坐电车。有机体变量 包括通过以下方式引起的步行体验的变化 使用机械助行器将儿童随机分配到小组 而不是在他们的家里使用。

When people move from place to place they often need to keep up to date on the resulting changes in their perspectives, that is, on the distances and directions relating them to features of the surroundings. Adults can keep up to date on such changes without spotting them visually when, for example, the features are occluded from view or the place is dark or the observer is blind. The present experiments are about the precision of infants' and young children's perceptions of self-movement and their abilities to act on them when searching for objects in the dark and in other situations where they are occluded from view. The experiments are focused on the period in life when children make the transition from infancy to early childhood, and on the role played by locomotion and perception in that transition. We devised a behavioral test and adapted psychophysical methods to assess individual levels of sensitivity to threshold changes in self- to-object directions for 1 to 5 year olds after they move to new points of observation. The proposal is to estimate individual children's threshold levels of sensitivity as a function of variations in the self-movements and the environmental reference information in a series of cross sectional experiments, and as a function of experimentally controlled variations in the children's locomotor experiences in a 20 month long longitudinal observation. Locomotor search games are used to estimate children's sensitivity. The self-movement variables are the movement's geometry (rotations, translations), distance, and complexity. The reference information variables are the presence or absence of visual information, auditory information, and leg information from walking versus riding a trolly. The organismic variables include variations in walking experience induced through the random assignment of children to groups using mechanical walkers and not using them in their homes.