INFANT LOCOMOTION--MOTORIC ANC PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

我们建议研究婴儿期运动技能的习得，并 审视运动与心理发展的关系 运动前运动向自产生俯卧运动过渡过程中 (例如，爬行和爬行)。我们的具体目标是：(A)发展 对技能组织的量化衡量，这些技能是 获取自己产生的运动；及(B)利用这些措施 考察运动技能习得与换班的关系 在空间、认知和知觉发展方面。 提出了两组同等重要且相互关联的研究。第一 一组五项研究将提供关于赛车的基本信息 是获得自我创造的运动技能的基础过程。 研究1是一项规范性的纵向研究 前置运动以获得俯卧位的自产生运动为主。学习 2扩展了研究1，比较了我们的运动技能测量和 儿科理疗师的判断，以确定我们的量化 自我产生的运动测量捕捉到了这项技能的各个方面， 对从业者来说很重要。在研究3-5中，我们将在实验中 操纵运动技能表现，以确定运动技能 在引入干预措施时进行组织和重组 阻碍或促进运动。 第二组三项研究旨在确定 随着时间的推移，哪些重要的心理变化与之相吻合， 通过运动技能的获得来调节或维持的。 研究6将考察主动和被动运动之间的关系。 经验。问题是以感觉运动为基础的知识如何影响 对象搜索任务中的空间关系。研究7将测试 自我产生的运动是自我运动被 前庭和视觉信息与世界运动的区别 在“移动房间”的背景下被置于冲突之中。研究8将 检查运动经验如何促进婴儿对 距离和大小-恒定关系，以协调透视 变形。

We propose to study the acquisition of locomotor skills in infancy and to examine the relations between locomotor and psychological development during the transition from prelocomotion to self-produced prone locomotion (e.g., creeping and crawling). Our specific aims are to: (a) develop quantitative measures of the organization of skills that underlie the acquisition of self-produced locomotion; and (b) use these measures to examine the relations between the acquisition of locomotor skill and shifts in spatial, cognitive and perceptual development. Two equally important and related sets of studies are proposed. The first set of five studies will provide basic information about the motoric processes that underlie the acquisition of self-produced locomotor skills. Study 1 is a normative longitudinal study of the transition from prelocomotion to the acquisition of prone self-produced locomotion. Study 2 extends study 1 by comparing our measures of locomotor skill with the judgments of pediatric physical therapists to determine if our quantitative measures of self-produced locomotion captures aspects of this skill which are important to practitioners. In studies 3 - 5 we will experimentally manipulate locomotor-skill performance to determine how locomotor skills are organized and reorganized when interventions are introduced that serve to impede or facilitate locomotion. The second set of three studies are designed to determine the extent to which important psychological changes follow in time, coincide with, are mediated by, or are maintained by the acquisition of locomotor skills. Study 6 will examine the relation between active and passive locomotor experience. The question is how sensorimotor-based knowledge affects spatial relations in an object search task. Study 7 will test whether self-produced locomotion is the mechanism by which self-movement is discriminated from world-movement when vestibular and visual information are placed in conflict in the context of a "moving room." Study 8 will examine how locomotor experience facilitates the baby's understanding of distance and size-constancy relations in order to coordinate perspectival transformations.