BETA-CAROTENE IN HUMAN MILK: QUANTITATION AND TRANSPORT

这项研究的长期目标是对生物化学的了解 β-胡萝卜素从血清到牛奶的转运及其调控 进程。该项目将分两个阶段进行。如详细说明 关于母乳中类维甲酸和类胡萝卜素的定量信息是 缺乏，我们在第一阶段的目标是确定主要的类胡萝卜素和 成熟牛奶和初乳的混合样品中的维甲酸。日变化 将在成熟的牛奶样品中检测β-胡萝卜素和视黄醇的含量。在……里面 此外，牛奶中类胡萝卜素和维甲酸与血清的关系 水平、饮食摄入量和/或脂肪储备尚不清楚，我们还将 池塘中主要类胡萝卜素和维甲酸的鉴定和定量 这些组织的样本来自相同的个体。饮食摄入量将是 通过结合饮食历史/饮食记录的方法进行评估。在第二阶段 通过补充正常(美国)与短缺(危地马拉)项目 母亲体内含有β-胡萝卜素，我们将追踪其转移的动力学 饮食中的β-胡萝卜素对血清、脂肪组织和/或牛奶和婴儿的影响 血清。因为β-胡萝卜素可能被代谢成视黄醇，特别是在 不足的母亲、视黄醇(和/或视黄醇)也将在 这项研究。和以前一样。与血清、脂肪储备和血清的关系 将对饮食摄入量进行研究。作为缺乏维生素A的儿童，以及在 尤其是母乳喂养的婴儿，因以下原因死亡风险增加 呼吸道和胃肠道疾病，这些研究的结果将 对儿童健康有重大的实际应用。

The long-term goal of this research is the biochemical understanding of the transport of beta-carotene from serum to milk and the regulation of this process. This project will be conducted in two phases. As detailed quantitative information about retinoids and carotenoids in human milk is lacking, our objective in Phase I is to identify the major carotenoids and retinoids in pooled samples of mature milk and colostrum. Diurnal variation of beta-carotene and retinal will be determined in mature milk samples. In addition, as the relationship of milk carotenoids and retinoids with serum levels, dietary intake and/or adipose stores is not known, we will also identify and quantitate the major carotenoids and retinoids in pooled samples of these tissues from the same individuals. Dietary intake will be assessed through a combined diet history/diet record approach. In Phase II of the project, by supplementing normal (US) vs. deficient (Guatemalan) mothers with beta-carotene, we will trace the kinetics of transfer of dietary beta-carotene to serum, adipose tissue and/or milk and infant serum. As beta-carotene may be metabolized to retinol, particularly in deficient mothers, retinol (and/or retinylesters) will also be monitored in this study. As before. the relationship to serum, adipose stores and dietary intake will be studied. As vitamin A-deficient children, and in particular breastfed infants, are at increased risk for death due to respiratory and gastrointestinal disease, the results of these studies will have significant practical application to child health.