MECHANISMS OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLE COORDINATION

越来越多的吸气肌被招募来活动 增加呼吸压力似乎是一种基本的策略 哺乳动物的呼吸行为。协调激活各种 呼吸肌是为了实现特定的呼吸模式 一种可能的将呼吸的能量或其他成本降至最低的方法， 尤其是在压力或疾病的情况下。这项提议的目的是 是识别和描述中枢神经和外周反射 吸气同时兴奋不足的机制 肌肉。频率范围4-120的高频振荡(HFO) 呼吸运动神经团块放电活动中的赫兹将被确定 使用功率谱和相干谱分析技术。HFO‘s 将被视为两个或更多个公共驱动输入的“标记” 当它们在相应的神经中相互关联时，运动神经元池 活动。膈，各种外肋间，舌下，和 将对喉返神经活动进行分析。的影响 各种刺激对个体神经活动中HfO的存在以及， 特别是关于吸气者中相关HFO的分布 将对紧张情绪进行评估。刺激因素包括：高碳酸血症、低氧、 来自延髓腹侧表面的神经输入(局部降温改变 或药物应用)，以及从丘脑下部运动区驱动。这个 损毁脊髓上行传入束对HFO的影响将是 测定了HfO与膈神经活动的关系 并对单膈纤维的放电模式进行了研究。在……里面 此外，除最后一项外，上述所有研究都将在 5-60日龄，以确定出生后发育 呼吸运动神经HFO。根据这些数据，我们将确定 可能很重要的机构的功能特征 在呼吸肌活动的协调中，并确定其 在应对化学和其他压力方面的相对重要性。我们会 根据神经解剖学上的基因座进行推断 HFO的产生和繁殖。最后，我们将评估 参与生产的中枢神经结构的成熟 可能是中枢性呼吸节律发生器(S)的组成部分。

The recruitment of more and more inspiratory muscles to activity as respiratory stress increases seems to be a fundamental strategy in mammalian respiratory behavior. Coordinated activation of the various respiratory muscles in order to achieve particular patterns of breathing is a likely means of minimizing the energetic or other costs of breathing, especially in stress or disease situations. The objective of this proposal is to identify and characterize central neural and peripheral reflex mechanisms which underly the simultaneous excitation of inspiratory muscles. High frequency oscillations (HFO's) in the frequency range 4-120 Hz in respiratory motor nerve mass discharge activities will be identified using power spectral and coherence spectral analysis techniques. HFO's will be considered as "markers" of common drive inputs to two or more motoneuron pools when they are correlated in the corresponding nerve activities. Phrenic, various external intercostal, hypoglossal, and recurrent laryngeal nerve activities will be analyzed. The effects of various stimuli on the presence of HFO's in individual nerve activity and, particularly, on the distribution of correlated HFO's among the inspiratory nerves will be assessed. Stimuli will include: hypercapnia, hypoxia, neural inputs from the ventral medullary surface (altered by local cooling or drug applications), and drives from subthalamic motor areas. The effects of lesioning of ascending spinal afferent tracts on HFO's will be determined, and the relationship between HFO's in phrenic nerve activity and the firing patterns of single phrenic fibers will be studied. In addition, all the above studies except the last will be done in kittens at ages ranging from 5-60 days in order to determine the postnatal development of respiratory motor nerve HFO's. From these data we will determine the functional characteristics of mechanisms which are likely to be important in the coordination of respiratory muscle activities and determine their relative importance in responding to chemical and other stresses. We would draw inferences regarding the neuroanatomical loci responsible for the generation and propogation of the HFO's. Finally, we would assess the maturation of central neural structures that are involved in the production HFO's and may be components of central respiratory rhythm generator(s).