MATERNITY LEAVE & HEALTH: PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS

这是一项研究产假变量影响的建议 （雇主的选择和妇女的决定）和其他社会心理因素 妇女健康（身体、心理和社会）。 随机抽取了600名成年妇女，她们预计将在一个主要的 医院在密尔沃基，威斯康星州，和他们的丈夫/合作伙伴将 面谈四次：（1）怀孕第五个月：（2）一次 （3）复工后一个月;（4）复工后一个月;（5）复工后一个月;（6）复工后一个月。 孩子出生后的一年。父亲将单独接受采访。 母婴互动将在时间2、3和4进行录像。 产假变量包括妇女关于何时返回的决定 工作，无论是全职还是兼职，以及相同或不同的工作; 以及雇主在假期长短、工作保障和 薪酬/福利。健康状况分为身体、心理和 社会成分。身体健康将通过客观和 主观测量。心理健康包括抑郁症和 焦虑社会健康包括母亲关系的质量; 与父亲和婴儿，以及社会支持， 被女性用于工具和情感需求。 为了利用这些丰富的纵向数据， 将使用多变量统计技术，包括多个 回归和结构方程模型（使用LISREL VI）， 建立一个纵向因果模型，阐明 哪些产假选择和决定加上关键的心理社会因素 与妇女的身体、精神和社会健康有关， 家庭有了这个模型，无数的具体问题可以 处理。例如，可以假设， 没有足够的时间恢复身体或时间使工作 心理社会过渡到为人父母，当考虑到额外的压力， 工作和家庭角色之间的紧张关系，将面临各种风险， 身体和心理问题，以及恶化的家庭 关系。简而言之，这项研究将调查产妇 为妇女留下了经验及其对她们的健康和家庭的影响。

This is a proposal to study the effect of maternity leave variables (employer's options and women's decisions) and other psychosocial factors on women's health (physical, mental, and social). A random sample of 600 adult women expected to deliver babies at a major hospital in Milwaukee, WI, and their husbands/partners will be interviewed four times: (1) during the fifth month of pregnancy: (2) one month after delivery; (3) one month after return to work: and (4) one year after the baby's birth. Fathers will be interviewed separately. Mother-infant interactions will be videotaped at Times 2,3, and 4. Maternity leave variables include women's decisions about when to return to work and whether full-or part time, and to the same or different job; and employer;s options on length of leave, job-guarantee, and pay/benefits. health status is differentiated into physical, mental, and social components. Physical health will be assessed by objective and subjective measures. Mental health includes measures of depression and anxiety. Social health includes the quality of the mother;s relationship with the father and the infant, and the social supports available to and utilized by the women for instrumental and emotional needs. In order to exploit these rich, longitudinal data, a variety of multivariate statistical technique will be used, including multiple regression and structural equation modelling (using LISREL VI), to develop a longitudinal causal model that clarifies the avenues through which maternity leave options and decisions plus key psychosocial factors are linked to the physical, mental, and social health of women and families. With the model, a myriad of specific questions can be addressed. for example, it might be hypothesized that women who return to work without sufficient time for physical recovery or the time to make the psychosocial transition to parenthood, when given the added stress of the tension between work and family roles, will be at risk for a variety of physical and psychological problems, as well as deteriorating family relationships. In short, this research will investigate the maternity leave experiences for women and its impact on their health and families.