TESTOSTERONE AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: PHASE ONE

该项目是一系列计划研究的第一阶段 将唾液睾酮浓度与反社会和 暴力行为 迄今为止，关于血浆睾酮与 攻击性冲动和反社会行为 相互矛盾的结果，并建议睾酮的影响可能是 非常具体。 例如，不同的研究表明血清 睾丸激素与挑衅有关，但与无端攻击无关 和青少年犯罪史有关，而不是成年犯罪史 几乎没有 从这些研究中得到的信息， 随着时间的推移，是什么导致了这些变化，它们如何影响侵略性 行为，以及它们如何使描述一个 一个人的睾丸激素长期处于高水平或低水平。 本项目探讨唾液的效用，而不是 血清睾酮测定在反社会性研究中的应用 和暴力行为 唾液提供了一个几乎纯粹的测量， “免费”睾酮，而血清提供了一个免费的措施加 绑定 唾液可以很容易地收集，没有医疗援助， 使得研究大量受试者成为可能， 不同的现场条件，并采取反复措施， 从几分钟到几年不等的时间段。 初步 研究表明，唾液中的睾丸激素与犯罪暴力有关， 对男女囚犯和人格测量的影响 in college大学students学生. 该项目将检查周期性（昼夜节律，月经， 循环），以便控制循环可能引入的错误 测量睾丸激素的个体差异， 确定一天中最佳的时间来获得测量结果。 它还将 检查睾丸激素的变化，由于随机变化，生活 六个月内的事件，以及实验测试 条件 犯罪行为的初步相关数据 将收集，但重点将放在制定协议上 用于测量唾液睾酮的个体差异。

This project represents phase one in a planned series of studies relating saliva testosterone concentrations to antisocial and violent behavior. To date, studies relating plasma testosterone to aggressive, impulsive, and antisocial behavior have produce conflicting results and suggest the effects of testosterone may be very specific. For example, different studies show serum testosterone related to provoked but not unprovoked aggression and to adolescent but not adult criminal history. There is little information from these studies on how much testosterone changes over time, what causes the changes, how they affect aggressive behavior, and how they might make it difficult to characterize a person as chronically high or low in testosterone. The present project explores the utility of saliva rather than serum measures of testosterone in future research on antisocial and violent behavior. Saliva provides a virtually pure measure of "free" testosterone, while serum provides a measure of free plus bound. Saliva can be collected easily with no medical assistance, making it possible to study large numbers of subjects under diverse field conditions and to take repeated measures over periods of time ranging from minutes to years. Preliminary studies show saliva testosterone related to criminal violence in both male and female prison inmates and to personality measures in college students. This project will examine cyclicity (circadian, menstrual, circannual) in order to control for error that cycles can introduce into measures of individual differences in testosterone and to determine the best time of day to obtain measures. It will also examine changes in testosterone due to random variation, life events over a six month period, and experimental testing conditions. Preliminary correlative data on delinquent behavior will be collected, but the focus will be upon developing protocols for measuring individual differences in saliva testosterone.