MECHANISMS OF ACOUSTIC PERCEPTION AND ORIENTATION

将采用行为、生理和解剖学方法 研究了多普勒频移补偿蝙蝠的生物声纳系统， Pteronotus P.parnellii.将对动物的兴奋性行为进行分析 在模拟(摆动)飞行中追捕猎物。 请注意幅度和多普勒频移。 并对基本信号参数(CF、FM)进行补偿和分析 和谐波)在不同的回声定位情况下变化。电脑 将利用辅助分析来研究信号参数的变化 麦克风和耳蜗麦克风电位记录 长期植入电极和微小型无线电遥测 系统。这些数据将被用来评估现有的 回声定位，建立人耳在不同条件下的反应特征 实际回声定位条件和获得关于复合体的知识 耳朵通常遇到的刺激条件的类型。这个 耳蜗体的结构，特别是与 机械振动、精细频率分析和异常共振 耳朵的特性将通过光和扫描来研究，并 透射电子显微镜。量化数据将从以下地点获得 连续切片，以评估不同组织的形态特征 耳蜗区和不同区域结构的相互关系 与耳蜗区的频率图相吻合。这个项目的主要长期目标是 研究目的是研究生物声纳信号设计和信号处理 外周和中枢水平，并演示以下一些方式 哺乳动物的耳蜗已经被改造，以满足不寻常的感官需求。 实验将被设计成表明在受体水平上的微调 是通过改变振动元件的排列来实现的 和/或它们的感觉过程，或通过机械或 生化支持系统。这项研究的信息将是 对了解许多基本的生物声学现象和 声信号处理领域的技术进步和 无线电遥测。了解这些系统背后的机制可能会 事实证明，这对进一步开发盲人助航工具很有用 以及声学成像。

Behavioral, physiological and anatomical methods will be employed to investigate the biosonar system of the Doppler-shift compensating bat, Pteronotus p. parnellii. Echolocative behavior will be analyzed in animals pursuing and capturing prey and during simulated (pendulum) flight. Attention will be directed to amplitude as well as Doppler-shift compensation and to analysis of the ways basic signal parameters (CF, FM and harmonics) change in different echolocative situations. Computer assisted analysis will be utilized to study changing signal parameters in microphone as well as cochlear microphonic potential records obtained with chronically implanted electrodes and with a microminiature radiotelemetry system. These data will be used to assess existing theories of echolocation, to establish the response characteristics of the ear under actual echolocative conditions and to gain knowledge about the complex types of stimulus conditions that the ear normally encounters. The structure of the cochlea, and especially elements associated with mechanical vibrations, fine frequency analysis and the unusual resonance properties of the ear will be studied with light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Quantitative data will be obtained from serial sections in order to assess morphologic properties in different regions of the cochlea and to correlate structures in different regions with frequency maps of the cochlea. The major long term goals of this investigation are to study biosonar signal design and signal processing at peripheral and central levels and to demonstrate some of the ways in which the mammalian cochlea has been modified to meet unusual sensory demands. Experiments will be designed to show that fine tuning at the receptor level has been accomplished by changing the arrangement of the vibratory elements and/or their sensory processes, or through changes in mechanical or biochemical support systems. The information from this study will be useful for understanding many basic bioacoustic phenomena and for technological advances in the areas of acoustic signal processing and radiotelemetry. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these systems may prove useful in the further development of navigational aids for the blind and for acoustic imaging.