DETERMINANTS OF CONDOM USE TO PREVENT AIDS

人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）主要通过性传播。 与受感染的人接触。 显然有必要防止 艾滋病毒的传播是通过越来越多地使用避孕药来实现的。 有 有证据表明，避孕套，特别是乳胶，防止艾滋病毒的传播 如果它们被正确和一致地使用。 然而，避孕套不是 经常被那些从事危险行为的人使用 艾滋病病毒感染。 如果我们要减少由于 艾滋病，有必要设计干预措施，以增加使用 避孕套在这些人身上。 这种干预措施应基于 清楚地了解与避孕套有关的人群特定因素 使用. 几项研究表明， 从事危险的行为是很难改变或维持。 促进 对艾滋病的了解似乎不足以增加 使用避孕套。 许多研究已经确定了与以下因素相关的因素： 避孕套的使用，但没有一个系统地研究这些因素， 行为和行为改变理论。 没有一项研究使用一种理论上的 在不同群体中比较这些因素的框架 有感染和传播艾滋病风险的人。 拟议项目的具体目标是将态度和行为 变化理论对影响因素的识别和理解 影响从事危险性行为的个人的避孕套使用模式 行为。 Fishbein的理性行动理论的扩展版本 将作为理论框架。 初步的启发式面试将进行四个目标 个人群体：1）同性恋或双性恋男性，2）静脉吸毒者，3） 妓女和4）多伴侣异性恋者，按 种族/民族状态;白色、黑色、拉丁美洲人。 最突出的信念， 社会规范的影响、经验和促进条件 与使用或不使用避孕套有关的问题。 基于 这些信息，调查工具将被设计来衡量每一个 模型的组成部分以及避孕套的使用率。 调查将是 在小组中进行试点测试，以评估可靠性和有效性。 的 然后将对四个目标中的900名个人进行调查， 在两个时间点，间隔三个月。 回归分析 将进行识别的关键信念，价值观，社会规范， 影响，过去的经验和环境条件，最好的 预测每个目标群体或种族/民族群体的避孕套使用率。 将进行进一步的分析，以比较这些群体对 确定关键变量，并评估这些变量的变化 时间

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is spread largely through sexual contact with an infected individual. There is a clear need to prevent the spread of HIV through the increased use of prophylactics. There is evidence that condoms, particularly latex, prevent the transmission of HIV if they are used correctly and consistently. However, condoms are not used consistently by those engaging in behaviors which put them at risk for HIV infection. If we are to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to AIDS, it is necessary to design interventions to increase the use of condoms among those individuals. Such interventions should be based on a clear understanding of population specific factors associated with condom use. Several studies have shown that condom use among individuals who engage in risky behaviors is difficult to change or maintain. Promoting knowledge about AIDS does not appear sufficient to increase rates of condom use. A number of studies have identified factors associated with condom use, but none have systematically studied these factors using a theory of behavior and behavior change. No study has used one theoretical framework to compare these factors among different groups of individuals who are at risk for contracting and transmitting AIDS. The specific aim of the proposed project is to apply attitude and behavior change theory to the identification and understanding of the factors affecting patterns of condom use in individuals who engage in risky behaviors. An expanded version of Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action will be used as the theoretical framework. Preliminary elicitation interviews will be conducted with four targeted groups of individuals: 1) homosexual or bisexual men, 2) IV drug users, 3) prostitutes and 4) multiple-partner heterosexuals, stratified by race/ethnicity status; White, Black, Latino. The most salient beliefs, social normative influences, experiences, and facilitating conditions associated with using or not using condoms will be identified. Based on this information, survey instruments will be designed to measure each of the model components as well as rate of condom use. The surveys will be pilot tested in small groups to assess reliability and validity. The surveys will then be administered to 900 individuals from the four target groups at two points in time, three months apart. Regression analyses will be conducted to identify the key beliefs, values, social normative influences, past experiences, and environmental conditions that best predict rates of condom use with each target group or racial/ethnic group. Further analyses will be conducted to compare those groups on the identified key variables and to assess changes in those variables over time.