MOTOR SYSTEMS COMPARATIVE STUDY

本提案描述了一系列行为、解剖学 以及神经组织化学实验，旨在评估 爬行动物控制运动的神经系统， 凯门鳄。凯曼鳄鱼被选为动物 因为爬行动物的运动系统要简单得多 哺乳动物的生命。没有哺乳动物运动的直接等价物 皮质存在于爬行动物身上，但精确的运动和 尽管如此，协调仍然是行为的一部分 这些物种。试点工作表明，两个神经系统，都是 源自古纹状体，或基底节，参与 该物种对复杂运动的控制。第一个 它们来自苍白球，表达运动 主要通过视顶盖发挥作用。另一种派生自 腹侧苍白球内的神经元和投射到 传入运动神经元池的网状结构，如 三叉神经运动核。关于运动行为的一种新理论 爬行动物是高级的，它拥有苍白球散逸路径 控制方向和技术中介的行为，而 起源于腹侧苍白球的通路控制精度 运动，特别是下巴和嘴巴区域的运动。这些 这些系统在解剖和化学上是截然不同的。帕利多福格尔 神经元利用LANT6和GABA作为神经递质，而 苍白球腹侧区含有大量胆碱能神经元。 实验被用来检验假设，并进一步 评估化学、解剖学和行为学的相关性 两个系统都有。

The present proposal describes a series of behavioral, anatomical and neurohistochemical experiments designed to evaluate the neural systems underlying the control of movement in the reptile, Caiman crocodilus. Caiman crocodilus was selected as an animal model because the motor system of reptiles is simpler than that of mammals. No direct equivalent of the mammalian motor cortex is present in reptiles, yet precision movement and coordination are nevertheless part of the behavioral repertoire of these species. Pilot work indicates that two neural systems, both derived from the paleostriatum, or basal ganglia, are involved in the control of complex movement in this species. The first of these is derived from the globus pallidus and expresses motor functions largely via the optic tectum. The other is derived from neurons in the ventral pallidum and projects upon portions of the reticular formation afferent to motor neuron pools such as the trigeminal motor nucleus. A new theory of motor behavior in reptiles is advanced which holds that pallidofugal pathways control orientation and tectally mediated behaviors, while the pathways derived from the ventral pallidum control precision movement, particularly of the jaws and mouth region. These systems are anatomically and chemically distinct. Pallidofugal neurons utilize LANT6 and GABA as neurotransmitters while the ventral pallidal region contains many cholinergic neurons. Experiments are proposed to test hypotheses and to further evaluate the chemical, anatomical and behavioral correlates of both systems.