BLOOD PRESSURE EFECTS OF BEHAVIORAL STRESS AND SODIUM

行为压力和钠对血压的影响

• 批准号: 3474207
• 负责人: JENNIFER A HAYTHORNTHWAITE
• 金额: $ 10.87万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-01 至 1997-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3474207
• 关键词: angiotensin /renin /aldosterone hypertension; behavioral medicine; blood chemistry; blood pressure; dietary potassium; dietary sodium; emotions; human subject; neuroendocrine system; neurogenic hypertension; nutrition related tag; personality; psychological stressor; stress

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Evidence from the animal laboratory indicates that behavioral stress combined with a high sodium intake can have synergistic effects on tonic blood pressure levels and cause hypertension. Understanding the physiological mechanisms and identifying the psychological characteristics associated with this loss of regulatory control over blood pressure could lead to the development and refinement of effective preventative interventions for hypertension, either dietary or behavioral, that are directed at those individuals who are most vulnerable to the synergistic blood pressure effects of behavioral stress and high sodium intake. The first study will examine neuroendocrine and other regulatory responses (e.g., changes in plasma electrolytes) to high sodium intake administered during the period preceding a stressful event (NaCl x STRESS). Medical students will be administered supplemental sodium chloride (600 mg/4.5 kg/day) or placebo tablets using a double-blind method during the 14 days prior to an examination (High Stress) and during a period of low academic demands (Low Stress). Cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and emotional variables will be measured at rest (High and Low Stress) and in response to the examination (High Stress only). It is expected that activation of the pituitary adrenocortical system will play a more important role in mediating the NaCl x STRESS blood pressure elevations than activation of the sympathetic nervous system and that larger cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and emotional responses to the examination, suggesting greater stress, will be associated with larger NaCl x STRESS blood pressure responses. The second study will determine whether BP and neuroendocrine responses to laboratory stressors and personality factors, such as hostility and suppressed anger, are associated with a larger NaCl x STRESS BP response. Prior to the High Stress sodium loading period, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to mental arithmetic, social challenge, and studying exam-related material will be measured. It is expected that suppressed anger and greater CV and neuroendocrine reactivity to laboratory stressors will be associated with larger NaCl x STRESS blood pressure responses. The third study will determine whether a concurrent high potassium intake reduces the blood pressure elevating effects of NaCl x STRESS. Subjects will be randomly assigned to receive potassium supplemental sodium chloride tablets. It is expected that the concurrent high potassium intake will blunt the NaCl x STRESS blood pressure response.

高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素， 脑血管疾病 动物实验室的证据表明 行为压力加上高钠摄入量 对紧张性血压水平和病因的协同作用 高血压 了解生理机制并识别 与这种调节功能丧失相关的心理特征 对血压的控制可能会导致 有效的高血压预防干预措施，无论是饮食 或行为的，针对那些最 易受行为压力的协同血压效应的影响 和高钠摄入量 第一项研究将检查神经内分泌和其他调节 响应（例如，血浆电解质的变化）与高钠摄入之间的关系 在应激事件之前的时期期间施用（NaCl X 压力）。 医学院学生将被给予补充钠 氯化物（600 mg/4.5 kg/天）或安慰剂片剂，采用双盲 在检查前14天内使用方法（高应力）， 在低学术要求（低压力）的时期。 心血管， 神经内分泌和情绪变量将在休息时测量（高 和低应力）和响应检查（仅高应力）。 可以预期，垂体肾上腺皮质系统的激活 将在调节NaCl x STRESS血液中发挥更重要的作用 压力升高大于交感神经系统的激活， 更大的心血管，神经内分泌和情绪反应， 检查，表明更大的压力， 更大的NaCl x应力血压反应。 第二项研究将 确定血压和神经内分泌对实验室应激源的反应 和性格因素，如敌意和压抑的愤怒， 与较大的NaCl x应力BP响应相关。 在High之前 应激钠负荷期心血管和神经内分泌反应 心算、社交挑战和学习考试相关的 材料将被测量。据估计，压抑的愤怒和 对实验室应激源的CV和神经内分泌反应性更大， 与较大的NaCl x压力血压反应相关。 第三 研究将确定同时摄入高钾是否会降低 NaCl x应力的血压升高效应。 受试者将 随机分配接受钾补充氯化钠 平板电脑 预计同时高钾摄入将 减弱NaCl x应力血压反应。