Deconstruction and Recovery Information Modelling (DRIM): A Tool for identifying and reclaiming valuable materials at end-of-life of Buildings

在英国，每年有超过50,000座建筑物被拆除，导致大量的拆除废物最终被填埋（Power,2014）。报告指出，拆建废物中有很大一部分是宝贵的建筑材料，如果回收得当，这些材料可重新用于建造新建筑物或进行翻新。然而，目前还没有这样的工具可以帮助识别有价值的建筑材料进行再利用和回收。该项目的总体目标是开发一种基于智能的工具，称为解构和恢复信息模型（DRIM），该工具将在建筑物寿命结束时识别可重复使用和可回收的建筑材料。DRIM工具将实现：(i)解构计划的制作；（ii）解构过程模拟；（iii）在拆除建筑物期间制定拆除方案，以实现有效的修复；（iv）改善拆卸废物收集计划。该工具针对新建和现有建筑部门。该工具将使用包括本体、NoSQL和大数据分析在内的创新技术来捕获和预测建筑材料的寿命终止属性和价值。它是关于建筑行业的循环经济。方法和计划：这是一个为期24个月(M)的项目，包含8个工作包（WP）：(i) WP1 -通过与设计师和供应商的研讨会收集材料属性数据-第1 - 6个月（6M）；（ii） WP2 -创建具有报废材料属性的语义存储-第4 - 9个月（6M）；（iii） WP3 -建立大数据分析模拟平台-第7 -12个月（6米）；（iv） WP4 -原型DRIM开发-第9 - 12个月（4M）；(v) WP5 -全DRIM开发-第13至21个月（9M）；（vi） WP6 - DRIM工具的安全性和测试-第22 - 23月（2M）；（vii） WP7 -利用及传播-第4至24月（21月）；及（viii） WP8 -项目管理-第1至24月（24月）。-（甘特图见附录B）。关键里程碑，交付成果和现实时间表：WP1 -材料属性的巨大数据集@ M6；WP2 -报废材料属性数据库存储@ M9；WP3 -基于大数据分析的仿真平台@ M12；WP4 -DRIM原型@ M12；WP5 - DRIM全系统@ M21；WP6 -打包DRIM工具@M23；WP7 -可利用和传播输出@ M4至M24；WP8 -季度项目报告和会议。明确的管理报告线：来自废物计划解决方案有限公司（WPS）的Lara Ayris将在项目管理员和开发经理的支持下进行项目管理和协调项目资源，以进行更广泛的推广。将设立项目管理委员会（PMB），推动项目，监督项目进度，并提供相关建议。使用prince2方法，每个WP的任务经理将(i)管理日常项目活动（ii）每周与他们的WP团队会面（iii）每月会面（iv）每季度向PMB报告工作进度。-（项目管理架构见附录B）。竞争对手解决方案：行业内现有的废物工具（即ArchiCAD， Revit, SMARTWaste， WRAP Netwaste等）都没有解构和材料回收功能。因此，DRIM工具在业内是独一无二的。它将提供一个模拟平台，以在寿命结束时可重复使用、可回收和可回收材料方面对设计的全寿命可持续性进行基准测试。可选的研发策略：与按顺序执行任务的传统瀑布模型相比，基于任务并行化（WorkPackages）的并发工程（CE）模型将被用作该项目的研发方法。因此，CE将使研发工作在2年内完成。

More than 50,000 buildings are demolished yearly in the UK leading to huge demolition waste that ends in landfill (Power,2014). It is noted that demolition waste comprises significant proportion of valuable building materials that could be re-usedfor new constructions or refurbishment if recovered properly. However, no such tool currently exists that can help inidentification of valuable building materials for reuse & recycling. The overall aim of this project is to develop anintelligence-based tool called Deconstruction and Recovery Information Modelling (DRIM) that will enable identification ofreusable and recoverable building materials at end-of-life of a building. DRIM Tool will enable: (i) production ofdeconstruction plan; (ii) simulation of deconstruction process; (iii) production of deconstruction protocols during demolitionof the building to enable efficient recovery; (iv) improved demolition waste collection schemes. The tool is aimed at bothnew and existing buildings sector. The Tool will use innovative technologies that include ontologies, NoSQL and big dataanalytics to capture and predict end-of-life properties and value of building materials. It is about circular economy in theconstruction industry.Methodology and Plan: This is a 24 Months (M) project of 8 Work Packages (WP): (i) WP1 - Data collection on Materialsproperties using workshops with Designers and Suppliers - Month 1 - 6 (6M); (ii) WP2 - Creation of Semantic Store withEnd-of-Life Material Properties - Month 4 - 9 (6M); (iii) WP3 - Creation of Big Data Analytics Simulation Platform - Month 7 -12 (6M); (iv) WP4 -Prototype DRIM Development - Month 9 - 12 (4M); (v) WP5 - Full DRIM Development - Month 13 - 21(9M); (vi) WP6 - Security & Testing of DRIM tool - Month 22 - 23 (2M); (vii) WP7 - Exploitation and Dissemination - Month 4- 24 (21M); and (viii) WP8 - Project Management - Month 1 - 24 (24M). - (Please see Appendix B for Gantt Chart).Key Milestones, Deliverables & Realistic Timelines: WP1 - Gigantic Dataset of Material Properties @ M6; WP2 - Databasestorage of End-of-Life Material Properties @ M9; WP3 - Big Data Analytics based Simulation Platform @ M12; WP4 -DRIM Prototype @ M12; WP5 - DRIM Full System @ M21; WP6 - Packaged DRIM Tool @M23; WP7 - Exploitable &Dissemination Outputs @ M4 to M24; and WP8 - Quarterly Project Reports & Meetings.Clear Management Reporting Lines: Lara Ayris from Waste Plan Solutions Ltd. (WPS) will project manage and coordinateproject resources, with the support of Project Administrator and Exploitation Manager for wider roll-out. ProjectManagement Board (PMB) will be set to drive project, monitor project progress and provide relevant advice. UsingPRINCE2 methodology, Task managers for each WP will (i) manage day-to-day project activities (ii) meet with their WPteam on weekly basis (iii) meet monthly (iv) report quarterly to the PMB about work progress . - (Please see Appendix B forProject Management Structure).Rival Solutions: None of the existing waste tools within the industry (i.e. ArchiCAD, Revit, SMARTWaste, WRAP Netwaste,etc.) has deconstruction and material recovery functionality. The DRIM tool is therefore unique within the industry. It willprovide a simulation platform to benchmark the whole-life sustainability of designs in terms end-of-life re-usable, recyclableand recovered materials.Alternative R&D Strategies: Concurrent Engineering (CE) model which is based on parellelization of tasks (WorkPackages) will be used as a R&D approach for this project, as compared to traditional waterfall model where tasks arecarried out sequentially. CE will therefore enable R&D completion within 2 years of project duration.