ALCOHOL-INDUCED EFFECTS IN THE DEVELOPING CNS--GLIAL CELLS AND MYELIN

人类胎儿在怀孕期间接触酒精的情况一直是 自年中以来被认为是一个相当大的临床问题 七十年代的S。虽然人们公认的标志之一是 由此产生的胎儿酒精综合征(FAS)的特征是中心 神经系统(CNS)功能障碍，出现的相对较少 大鼠中枢神经系统细胞病理的超微结构研究 实验中暴露的动物。酒精引起异常的证据 在中枢神经中发现了细胞的分化和迁移 对人类和实验动物的显微研究，以及 在动物中，髓鞘发育的潜在异常已经被注意到。 因为正常的神经胶质细胞成熟是正常神经元所必需的 迁移以及髓鞘的形成，这是一个有趣的研究 发育中的神经胶质细胞和髓鞘，以及神经细胞 动物暴露在酒精中的方式将与 发生在FA中的曝光时间。这个拟议的项目是一个 神经胶质细胞、髓鞘和神经细胞发育的电子显微镜研究 后来，暴露于酒精的大鼠中枢神经系统中的神经细胞 在这样的模型中。为了与Fas的酒精暴露平行，大鼠将 通过母体饮食暴露于怀孕21天，其中包含 37.5%乙醇衍生卡路里，然后进一步暴露10天 通过使用含3%(v/v)乙醇的牛奶日粮。出生后的动物会 被人工抚养，远离母亲，通过 长期植入的胃插管。控制动物将被饲养 来自等热量配对的水坝，通过胃管喂养，但没有 母体或产后饮食中的酒精。动物将被牺牲在 妊娠期、产后期和成熟期的不同时期。 视神经、脊髓、大脑和小脑组织将被切除 并为电子显微镜做准备。将对视神经组织进行研究 并将测定结果与以往的成熟度进行比较 仅使用出生后暴露的研究。脊髓组织将会被 被检查以研究神经元成熟和神经胶质发育 典型的中枢神经系统区域ANT以验证任何视神经发现。大脑和/或 将对小脑组织进行检查，以研究酒精对脑组织的影响 胶质细胞的成熟可能会影响神经元的迁移和成熟。

The exposure of the human fetus to alcohol during gestation has been recognized as a problem of considerable clinical concern since the mid- '70's. Although it is well recognized that one of the hallmark characteristics of the resultant fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, there have been relatively few ultrastructural studies of the cellular pathology in the CNS of experimentally exposed animals. Evidence of alcohol induced abnormal cellular differentiation and migration in the CNS have been found in light microscopic studies of both humans nad experimental animals and, in animals, potential abnormalities in myelin development have been noted. Because normal glial cell maturation is necessary for normal neuronal migration as well as myelin formation, it is of interest to examine developing glial cells and myelin, as well as nerve cells, in experimental animals exposed to alcohol in a manner which will closely parallel the timing of exposures which occur in FAs. This proposed project is an electron microscopic study of the development of glial cells, myelin, and later, nerve cells in the central nervous system of rats exposed to alcohol in such a model. To parallel the ethanol exposures of FAS, rats will be exposed for the 21 days of gestation via a maternal diet that contains 37.5% ethanol derived calories, then further exposed for 10 postnatal days by use of a milk diet containing 3% (v/v) ethanol. Postnatal animals will be artificially reared away from the mothers and the diet administered via chronically implanted gastric cannulas. Control animals will be raised from isocalorically pairfed dams, and fed via gastric cannulas, but without alcohol in the maternal or postnatal diet. Animals will be sacrificed at various times during gestation, during postnatal days, and up to maturity. Optic nerve, spinal cord, cerebral, and cerebellar tissues will be removed and prepared for electron microscopy. Optic nerve tissue will be studied to determine and maturation and the results will be compared with previous studies using only postnatal exposures. Spinal cord tissue will be examined to study neuronal maturation and glial development in a more typical CNS area ant to verify any optic nerve findings. Cerebral and/or cerebellar tissues will be examined to study how the effects of alcohol on glial cell maturation may affect neuronal migration and maturation.