Rice straw to biogas (R2B) project

与稻壳（覆盖谷物）不同的是，稻秆（茎和叶）在收获后被留在田间，几乎没有确定其主要用途，因此每年有超过3亿吨的稻秆被当作废物焚烧。迄今为止，收集和利用这种巨大的资源来获取清洁能源的尝试几乎都失败了。在这份概念报告中，一个由顶尖专家组成的联盟概述了他们的大胆计划，即成为这一新兴领域的领导者，并为全球2亿小规模稻农提供清洁、负担得起、可靠的能源。创新：本文概述的新方法是系统地设计的，旨在克服英国资助的为期三年的“稻草能源项目”中确定的四个关键障碍，该项目现已结束（2016年9月）。障碍是：秸秆收集的物流；秸秆燃料特性；缺乏成熟的商业模式和政策支持。克服这些问题的创新分别是：简化村庄规模的供应链，最大限度地降低收集和储存成本；适合发展中国家的低成本“干”厌氧消化技术；包装在创新的商业模式中，并得到公共资金的支持，以降低风险。

Unlike rice husks (that cover the grain), rice straw (stems and leaves) is left in the field after harvest and few major uses have been identified, so more than 300 million tonnes of it are simply burned each year as waste. To date, attempts to profitably collect and use this vast resource for clean energy have almost all failed. In this concept note, a consortium of leading experts outline their bold plan to be leaders in this emerging field and provide a route to clean, affordable, reliable energy for the world's 200 million small-scale rice farmers.Innovation: The novel approaches outlined here are designed systematically to overcome the four key barriers identified in the 3 year, UK-funded 'Rice Straw Energy project', which is now ending (September 2016). The barriers are: logistics of straw collection; rice straw fuel characteristics; lack of proven business models and policy support. The respective innovations to overcome them are: a simplified, village-scale supply chain that minimises collection costs and storage; a low-cost 'dry' anaerobic digestion technology appropriate for developing countries; packaged in an innovative business model with support from public funding to reduce the risks.