Ottoman Auralities and the Eastern Mediterranean: Sound, Media and Power, 1789-1922

该项目探讨了奥斯曼帝国晚期和东地中海地区(1789--1922年)的声音和视听媒体的历史，重点是声学实践及其通过技术系统的传播如何产生了重要的新的文化变革。这些历史远不是关于晚期帝国“衰落”或来自欧洲的单向技术转移的标准叙述，这些历史显示了具体化机构的广泛反应和表现，从伊斯坦布尔的政府官员和宗教机构到远离首都的个人店主和家庭。声音和相关媒体同时为该地区提供了一种更有形的历史学，并有可能强调女性、少数民族和其他社区的声音--无论是字面上的还是比喻的--这些声音在某些历史中并不那么重要。反过来，关注奥斯曼帝国和东地中海允许欧洲和北美在声音和媒体研究中去中心化。该项目的一个重要组成部分将是重视声学制图，绘制与声音和媒体有关的早期录音和文本文件的地图，使人们更清楚地了解这一关键时期的文化和媒体地形，在这一时期，电报、录音、电影、电话和无线电都是关键技术，通过诗歌、宗教朗诵、国内歌曲等现有的当地文化技术塑造和重新配置了这些技术。这一时期有时被称为奥斯曼史上最长的世纪，始于重要的作曲家/诗人和政治改革家苏丹塞利姆三世的统治，结束于土耳其共和国的建立，在这一时刻，语言、字母、音乐和宗教声音的政治再次受到质疑。随着土耳其准备纪念自己的百年诞辰，对奥斯曼帝国历史的民族主义庆祝活动日益浓厚，这段历史在今天变得更加及时。

This project explores histories of sound and audiovisual media in the late Ottoman Empire and Eastern Mediterranean (1789-1922), focusing on how sonic practices and their mediations through technical systems produced important new cultural shifts. Far from the standard narratives of the late empire's "decline" or of unidirectional technological transfer from Europe, these histories show a wide range of responses and manifestations of embodied agency, from the government officials and religious institutions in Istanbul to individual shopkeepers and families far from the capital. Sound and related media simultaneously offer a more corporeal historiography of the region and possibilities for emphasizing the voices - both literal and figurative - of women, ethnic minorities and other communities that have figured less centrally in some histories. In turn, focusing on the Ottoman Empire and Eastern Mediterranean allows a decentering of Europe and North America within sound and media studies. A key component of the project will be an emphasis on sonic cartography, mapping both early audio recordings and textual documents related to sound and media, giving a clearer sense of the cultural and media topographies of this critical period in which telegraphy, audio recording, film, telephony and radio all emerged as key technologies that both shaped and were reconfigured through extant local cultural techniques such as poetry, religious recitation, domestic songs, and so on. The period in question, sometimes called "the longest century" in Ottoman history, begins with the reign of Sultan Selim III, an important composer/poet and political reformer, and ends with the founding of the Turkish Republic, a moment in which the politics of language, alphabets, music and religious sounds were all yet again called into question. As Turkey prepares to mark its own centenary, with increasingly nationalistic celebrations of the Ottoman past, this history is ever more timely today.