BIOLOGY OF SKELETAL AND MINERALIZED TISSUES

该计划项目赠款的广泛、长期目标是 询问和交流有关化学物质的新的基本知识 组成、分子结构、分子生物学、组织结构 和细胞的生理功能，特定的成分和 细胞的隔间和有机和 矿化结缔组织的无机矿物成分，具有 特别参考骨骼和牙齿，并探索其结构和 化学相互作用以及它们之间的关系。一位少校 将作出努力，并针对分子步骤的研究 包括特定的组织成分钙化，并且针对特征 对这些组织和区分它们的成分是特异的 来自其他未矿化的结缔组织。我们觉得这些 特定的组织成分和区别于 单个细胞和细胞外成分的钙化 矿化组织很重要，因为这些特殊的特征 很可能在定义它们的生物学特性方面发挥关键作用 功能。我们的研究项目涵盖了解剖学的各个层面 从超微结构研究开始的层次 矿物和有机成分的组织，包括高 分辨率透射电子显微镜和电子探针 微量分析、电子衍射、检测新技术 利用电子光学对组织进行冷冻、水化和环境处理 分期和高分辨电子显微镜免疫细胞化学 利用主要非胶原蛋白抗体的技术 被认为是与组织密切相关和关键的 钙化。这些和其他重要问题的答案将是 通过整合来自各种科学领域的数据来寻找 学科和技术，除了 以上超微结构分析，全系列生化、物理 化学和分子生物学。我们觉得这样的深度和深度 以基础研究为中心的多方面的集中研究工作 各层次骨骼系统的生物学和病理生理学 解剖层次，即分子、细胞、组织、器官和整体 生物体水平将提供对组织的更完整的了解 钙化和钙化组织，并提供其他信息 对于可以用于诊断的更合理的基础， 骨骼系统疾病的治疗和预防 致残了很大一部分人口。

The broad, long-range objectives of this Program Project Grant are to inquire and communicate new and fundamental knowledge of the chemical composition, molecular structure, molecular biology, tissue organization and physiological functions of the cells, specific components and compartment of cells and the individual components of the organic and inorganic mineral components of mineralized connective tissues, with particular reference to bone and tooth and to explore the structural and chemical interactions and the relationships between them. A major effort will be made and directed to studies of the molecular steps comprising specific tissue component calcification and to the features specific to these tissues and to those components which distinguish them from other unmineralized connective tissues. We feel that these specific tissue components and the features which distinguish the calcification of individual cellular and extracellular components of the mineralized tissues are important since these specific characteristics are likely to play a critical role in defining their biological function. Our research projects cover all levels of the anatomical hierarchy starting with ultrastructural investigations on the organization of the mineral and organic component including high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis, electron diffraction, the new techniques of examining tissues by electron optics using the frozen hydrated and environmental stages, and high resolution electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques using antibodies to the major non-collagenous proteins thought to be intimately and critically involved in tissue calcification. The answers to these and other important questions will be sought by integrating data from a wide variety of scientific disciplines and techniques, which include in addition to the ultrastructural analyses above, the full range of biochemical, physical chemistry and molecular biology. We feel that such an indepth and multifaceted concentrated research effort centered about the basic biology and pathophysiology of the skeletal system at all levels of the anatomical hierarchy, i.e., molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and whole organism levels will provide a more complete understanding of tissue calcification and calcified tissues, and provide additional information for a more rational basis which can be used for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases of the skeletal system which now disable a large part of the population.