DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW PSYCHOMETRIC INSTRUMENT FOR ASSESSING DRUG CRAVINGS

其中最普遍的影响上瘾的药物，但最不好的 被研究的是对药物的渴望 甚至还没有一个有效的 心理测量工具，用于评估渴望， 系统地开发治疗药物， 渴望 成瘾研究中心目前正在开发这样的 可卡因、海洛因、酒精和其他滥用药物的仪器。 这项研究应该有助于我们确定成瘾行为的机制 这在药物类别中很常见，因此导致更好的 对药物渴求机制的理解。 我们 初步研究结果表明，对可卡因的渴望是一个多层面的， 构建，涉及冲动和欲望的混合，意图使用， 失去对使用的控制，以及对积极结果的预期。类似的 在被试的回答中发现了多维结构 使用海洛因仪器进行评估。 160名受试者 完成了新的酒精渴求问卷该项目已修改 1993年6月，包括对渴望和心理/认知的测量， 对门诊研究志愿者和住院研究志愿者进行测试 作为次要研究，检查药物之间的关系 渴望和人类的表现。 Maritime Craving Questionnaire是 1995财政年度正在制定行政管理。计算机的效用 将评估该系列的管理，以提高效率 测试。 最后，为了扩大研究的一般性， 调查种族和文化因素，一个标准的西班牙语版本， 此外，还编制了《可卡因渴望指南和手册》。 仪器开发方面的这些进展以及对 的渴望应该能够更快地提高生产能力， 更有选择性和更有效的药物和其他干预措施， 满足吸毒者的需要。 有了这些工具，我们 应该能够预测哪些渴望维度可以通过 药物治疗，并需要其他干预，以使 实现和维持药物戒断的人。

Among the most ubiquitous effects of addictive drugs, but the least well studied, is drug craving. There has not even existed a validated psychometric instrument for the evaluation of craving that would lend itself to the systematic development of medications for treating drug craving. The Addiction Research Center is presently developing such instrumentation for cocaine, heroin, alcohol, and other drugs of abuse. This research should help us to identify mechanisms of addictive action which are common across drug classes and therefore lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms which underlie the drug cravings. Our initial findings indicated that cocaine craving is a multidimensional construct, involving an admixture of urges and desire, intent to use, loss of control over use, and anticipation of positive outcome. A similar multidimensional structure was found among responses from subjects evaluated using the heroin instrument. One hundred sixty subjects have completed the new Alcohol Craving Questionnaire. The project was modified in June 1993 to include measurement of craving and psychomotor/cognitive testing for outpatient research volunteers and those on the residential unit as a secondary study to examine the relationship between drug cravings and human performance. The Marijuana Craving Questionnaire is under development for administration in FY 1995. The utility of computer administration of the series will be assessed to improve the efficiency of testing. Finally, to extend the generality of the research and investigate ethnic and cultural factors, a Standard Spanish version of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaires and Manual has also been developed. These advances in instrument development and the enhanced understanding of craving should enable more rapid progress in the ability to produce more selective and efficacious medications and other interventions to meet the needs of those addicted to drugs. With these instruments we should be able to predict which craving dimensions may be relieved by medications and which will require other intervention to enable the person to achieve and sustain drug abstinence.