Just 15-Minute City

气候变化和日益不可持续的城市增长加剧了世界各地城市地区的脆弱性，突出表明迫切需要采取更具复原力和可持续的城市发展办法。作为回应，世界各地的城市正在将“15分钟城市”（FMC）概念纳入其政策框架，以迈向更可持续的未来。FMCs设想社区在15分钟步行或骑自行车的时间内提供高效的城市设施，以创造具有更高密度，混合用途和人性化环境的包容性，充满活力和健康的社区。虽然FMC的概念有望带来积极的城市成果，但由于其可能产生不公正的后果，它最近受到了严格的审查。我认为这些争论围绕着四个关键主题：中产阶级化，物理决定论，非参与式治理和非代表性做法。这些主题加剧了城市的不平等，破坏了城市内部的正义价值观和民主。通过将范斯坦正义理论中的“正义城市”原则融入到FMC框架中，我提出了“正义15分钟城市”的概念作为一个创新的解决方案。这种方法旨在推进FMC，同时减轻其潜在的不公正结果，最终促进更公平，多样化和民主的城市环境。本研究的目的是概念化的“JFMC”的概念，开发一个创新的评估框架，将应用于三个案例研究领域，产生一个政策工具包，以导航城市对JFMC，并最终将政策工具包应用到牛津现场项目，打算将FMC纳入其本地计划。为了实现这一目标，本研究采用了实用主义的哲学范式，采用了“方法论的拼凑”方法和各种定性和定量方法，包括访谈，焦点小组讨论，问卷调查和定性内容分析。

Climate change and increasing unsustainable urban growth have exacerbated vulnerabilities of urban areas worldwide, highlightingthe urgent need for more resilient and sustainable approaches to urban development. In response, cities around the world areincorporating the '15-Minute City' (FMC) concept into their policy frameworks to move towards a more sustainable future. FMCenvisions neighbourhoods offering efficient access to urban amenities within a 15-minute walk or cycle to create inclusive, vibrant,and healthy communities with higher density, mixed-use, and human-scale environments. While the FMC concept holds promise forpositive urban outcomes, it has recently come under critical scrutiny due to its potential to produce unjust consequences. I argue thatthese debates revolve around four key themes: gentrification, physical determinism, non-participatory governance, and nonrepresentativepractices. These themes exacerbate urban inequalities and undermine justice values and democracy within cities. Byinfusing the principles of the 'Just City' (JC), inspired by Fainstein's justice theory, into the FMC framework, I propose the 'Just 15-Minute City' (JFMC) concept as an innovative solution. This approach aims to advance FMC while mitigating its potential unjustoutcomes, ultimately fostering more equitable, diverse, and democratic urban environments. This study aims to conceptualise the'JFMC' notion, develop an innovative evaluation framework that will be applied to three case study areas, generate a Policy Toolkit tonavigate cities towards JFMC, and finally applies the policy toolkit to the Oxford live project that intends to incorporate FMC into itslocal plan. To achieve this, the research adopts a pragmatic philosophical paradigm, employing a 'methodological bricolage'approach and a diverse range of qualitative and quantitative methods, including interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaires,and qualitative content analysis.