Ethnic inequalities in child development and health: an examination and comparison across the United Kingdom, the United States, and New Zealand

儿童发展和健康方面的种族不平等：英国、美国和新西兰的检查和比较

• 批准号: ES/K001582/1
• 负责人: Laia Becares
• 金额: $ 19.16万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FK001582%2F1
• 关键词: Ethnic; inequalities; child; development; health

Ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US) and New Zealand (NZ) have much poorer health and die younger than the white majority. The causes behind these inequalities in health are largely unexplained, although ethnic minority groups tend to be financially and materially poorer than white people, and this contributes to their worse health. Experiences of racism and discrimination have been found to also contribute to health differences between white people and ethnic minorities. Although broad similarities exist in the US, UK and NZ in terms of worse health among non-white ethnic groups relative to white people, health inequalities vary across ethnic minority groups both between and within countries and throughout the life course. Variations in ethnic inequalities in child health and development may arise due to differences in the countries of origin of the predominant minority groups, in reasons for migration, in cultural, economic and demographic profiles of the ethnic groups represented, and in civic and political cultures. The three countries that will be examined in this project are similar in terms of their documented ethnic inequalities, commitment to reducing said inequalities, and availability of health and social surveys, but also have stark differences, including in their healthcare and welfare systems, and very different ethnic minority populations, which vary, among other things, in terms of histories and reasons for migration and colonisation. Comparing the health of ethnic groups in these national settings will help us to better understand which factors lead to these different and avoidable health profiles, and will help inform policy makers about what are the key features that can be reduced, or promoted, in other to tackle preventable ethnic inequalities in health.In the proposed project I will explore which factors influence the health and development of ethnic minority and white majority children during the early years of childhood, and lead to inequities in health as they grow up. I will analyse four datasets (one in the UK, one in the US and two in NZ), which provide detailed information on ethnic minority and white majority children's mental and physical health and development, as well as information about their families, schools, neighbourhoods and national context. Key goals of this proposed project are to: 1. Examine the risk factors that contribute to generating ethnic health inequalities at the individual and family level, by assessing the contribution of a range of biological, psychosocial, economic and behavioural factors.2. Examine factors that might explain ethnic inequalities in health at the neighbourhood level, including area deprivation, income inequality, social capital, and ethnic density. 3. Analyse structural differences between the UK, US and NZ as possible explanations for ethnic inequalities in child health and development, including migratory factors, socio-economic characteristics of the country of origin, social and public policies, structures for the delivery of healthcare, and historical and contemporary ethnic relations.

英国、美国和新西兰的少数族裔群体的健康状况要差得多，而且比大多数白色人死得更早。这些健康不平等现象背后的原因在很大程度上无法解释，尽管少数民族群体在经济和物质上往往比白色人更穷，这导致他们的健康状况更差。人们发现，种族主义和歧视的经历也是造成白色人和少数民族之间健康差异的原因。虽然在美国、英国和新西兰，非白色族群的健康状况比白色族群差，但在国家之间、国家内部和整个生命过程中，少数族裔群体的健康不平等情况各不相同。由于主要少数群体的原籍国不同，移徙的原因不同，所代表的族裔群体的文化、经济和人口状况不同，公民和政治文化也不同，因此，儿童健康和发展方面的族裔不平等现象可能各不相同。本项目将研究的三个国家在记录的种族不平等、减少所述不平等的承诺以及卫生和社会调查的可用性方面是相似的，但也有明显的差异，包括医疗保健和福利制度，以及非常不同的少数民族人口，除其他外，在历史和移民和殖民化的原因方面各不相同。在这些国家环境中比较族裔群体的健康状况将有助于我们更好地了解哪些因素导致这些不同和可避免的健康状况，并将有助于告知政策制定者哪些是可以减少或促进的关键特征，在建议的项目中，我将探讨哪些因素影响少数民族和白色人的健康和发展大多数儿童在童年早期就受到保健的影响，并导致他们在成长过程中的健康不平等。我将分析四个数据集（一个在英国，一个在美国，两个在新西兰），这些数据集提供了关于少数民族和白色多数儿童身心健康和发展的详细信息，以及关于他们的家庭，学校，邻里和国家背景的信息。该项目的主要目标是：1。通过评估一系列生物、社会心理、经济和行为因素的作用，审查在个人和家庭层面造成族裔健康不平等的风险因素。研究可能解释社区一级健康方面种族不平等的因素，包括地区剥夺、收入不平等、社会资本和种族密度。3.分析英国，美国和新西兰之间的结构性差异，作为儿童健康和发展方面种族不平等的可能解释，包括移民因素，原籍国的社会经济特征，社会和公共政策，医疗保健提供结构，以及历史和当代种族关系。

项目成果

Ethnic density effects for adult mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies.

• DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003580
• 发表时间: 2018-09
• 期刊: Psychological medicine
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Bécares L;Dewey ME;Das-Munshi J
• 通讯作者: Das-Munshi J

Understanding the Influence of Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Class on Inequalities in Academic and Non-Academic Outcomes among Eighth-Grade Students: Findings from an Intersectionality Approach.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141363
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Bécares L;Priest N
• 通讯作者: Priest N

Exploring household dynamics: the reciprocal effects of parent and child characteristics

探索家庭动态：父母和孩子特征的相互影响

• DOI: 10.14301/llcs.v5i1.259
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Longitudinal and life course studies
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: L. Panico;L. Bécares;E. Webb
• 通讯作者: E. Webb

Bi-directional relationships between body mass index and height from three to seven years of age: an analysis of children in the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study

三至七岁体重指数与身高之间的双向关系：英国千年队列研究中儿童的分析

• DOI: 10.14301/llcs.v7i1.339
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Longitudinal and Life Course Studies
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: Bécares L

Social capital, ethnic density and mental health among ethnic minority people in England: a mixed-methods study

• DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2013.828831
• 发表时间: 2013-12-01
• 期刊: ETHNICITY & HEALTH
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Becares, Laia;Nazroo, James
• 通讯作者: Nazroo, James