Are we there yet? Using the Bristol Approach to examine trends in absolute poverty in sub Saharan Africa between 1995 and 2015.

该项目将为评估1995至2015年间撒哈拉以南非洲的贫困趋势提供可靠、高质量的数据。该区域包括世界上许多最贫穷的国家，随着2015年国际商定的千年发展目标(MDG)最后期限的临近，重要的是了解该区域的贫困是否正在下降。利用国际公认的绝对贫困定义和开创性的同行审查方法，该项目将使用具有国家代表性的住户调查和个人一级的数据，以制定与年龄和性别有关的基本需求剥夺指标。这些数据和指标将被用来回答关于南部非洲贫困程度和分布的一系列重要问题。例如，妇女和女孩是否在非洲的贫困人口中所占比例过大？城市地区的减贫速度是否比农村地区更快？南沙哪些县减贫幅度最大，他们是如何做到这一点的？儿童贫困的下降速度是否与成人贫困的下降速度相同？使用不同方法衡量非洲贫困对政策有何影响？研究产生的数据将使创建专题地图成为可能，这些地图将以图形方式显示在减少贫穷和剥夺基本需要方面取得最大进展的国家/区域。这些数据将引起一系列学科的学者、政策制定者、非政府组织和对南沙群岛贫困和发展感兴趣的国际发展机构的兴趣并可供其使用。这项工作之所以重要，是因为现有的极端贫困指标，如世界银行每天1美元的衡量标准，在理论和方法上都受到了严厉批评。批评人士已经证明，这些指标低估了贫困的程度，因此不是有效衡量标准的可靠依据。该项目将证明，可以制定有意义的替代指标，并使用这些指标来显示南部非洲的贫困程度如何随时间发生变化。它建立在布里斯托尔大学为联合国儿童基金会和英国国际发展部所做的早期工作的基础上，这些工作在贫困的概念、定义和衡量方式方面产生了重大影响。例如，布里斯托尔大学开发的贫困衡量方法和指标现在构成了联合国儿童基金会全球儿童贫困和差异研究的核心部分，该研究正在全球50多个国家进行，其中包括印度和中国。这一新项目将提供数据，以显示过去二十年来撒哈拉以南非洲国家实施的反贫困政策是否成功。

This project will provide reliable, high quality data for assessing trends in poverty in sub Saharan Africa (SSA) between 1995 and 2015. The region contains many of the world's poorest countries, and as the 2015 deadline for the internationally-agreed Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) approaches, it is important to know whether or not poverty in the region is falling. Using an internationally-accepted definition of absolute poverty, and a ground-breaking peer-reviewed methodology, the project will use nationally-representative household surveys, with individual-level data, to develop age- and gender- relevant indicators of deprivation for basic needs. These data and indicators will be used to answer a series of important questions about the extent and distribution of poverty in SSA. For example, do women and girls make up a disproportionate share of the poor in Africa? Is poverty reduction occurring more rapidly in urban areas than in rural areas? Which counties in SSA have achieved the largest reductions in poverty, and how have they achieved this? Has child poverty declined at the same rate as adult poverty? What are the implications for policy of using different methods to measure poverty in Africa? Data produced by the research will allow for the creation of thematic maps, which will reveal graphically the countries/regions making most progress in reducing poverty and deprivation of basic needs. These data will be of interest to and can be used by academics across a range of disciplines, policy makers, non-governmental organisations and international development agencies interested in poverty and development in SSA. The work is important because existing indicators of extreme poverty, like the World Bank's $1/day measure, have been roundly criticised on both theoretical and methodological grounds. Critics have demonstrated that such indicators underestimate the extent of poverty, and as such are not reliable of valid measures. This project will demonstrate that meaningful alternative indicators can be developed and used to show how levels of poverty in SSA have changed over time. It builds on earlier work done by the University of Bristol for UNICEF and the UK DfID, which made a significant impact in the ways in which poverty is conceptualised, defined and measured. For example, the methods of poverty measurement and indicators developed by the University of Bristol now form a core part of UNICEF's Global Study of Child Poverty and Disparities, being conducted in over 50 countries around the world, including India and China. This new project will provide data to show whether or not anti-poverty policies applied in sub Saharan African countries over the last twenty years have been successful.