Euro-China UPC: Optimising care delivery models to support ageing-in-place: towards autonomy, affordability and financial sustainability - ODESSA

在英国和法国等欧洲国家，人口老龄化已经被承认有一段时间了。然而，中国最近才承认这一点，但由于巨大的人口规模和预计的增长，这一点更加紧迫；到2025年，中国每百名工人中将有老人。中国实际上呈现了一条与欧洲国家不同的老龄化轨迹，并具有独特的特征，这是由其独特的历史、文化、经济和政治背景塑造的。最近的人口结构变化和重大的经济转型导致中国从传统的以家庭为主导的养老体系，由大家庭结构照顾老年人，转向寻求以高效和可持续的社会护理支持为基础的养老体系。然而，对于欧洲和中国来说，建立一个长期护理体系以充分和敏感地为老年人的多样化需求提供服务的重要性似乎是不言而喻的。在这两种情况下，老年人选择在自己的家中独立生活(就地养老)的趋势持续增加。在欧洲，护理服务正在转变，以适应这一趋势，尽管人们承认，这一转变将需要对提供独立或半独立生活的住房进行投资，这样做可以满足晚年的各种物质需求。然而，有针对性地投资于适应，以提高可获得性水平，以及为老年人提供专门和/或支持的住房，使他们在自己的家中独立生活更长时间，可能会在相关的健康和长期护理方面节省大量成本。这项研究将试图通过从技术、财务、政治和社会角度探索生活安排、生活环境和护理服务设计之间的关系，为满足老年人在这些变化方面的需求做出贡献。考虑到影响中国、英国和法国老年人看待护理服务的不同方式的因素，这项建议将建立一个共同框架，用于研究老年人可以获得的护理服务机制和选择，其中包括考虑文化、社会经济和福利体系维度的作用。该研究将采用混合方法设计，结合数据挖掘和深入分析、建筑环境质量的可靠衡量以及参与性行动研究方法，以产生主要利益攸关方的参与和一系列定性数据。它有六个工作包，将在三个伙伴国家并行进行。这项研究将提供比较研究和综合，以提供有益于中国和欧洲的建议。这项研究将有助于了解这三个国家的就地老龄化情况，并将确定不同政策和社会环境下综合护理的共同特征。它将审查这种模式的潜力，它们对改善老年人护理的影响，以及所涉资金问题。学术和非学术利益相关者的参与将加强这项研究的方法、覆盖范围和影响。

Population ageing has been recognised for some time in European countries like UK and France. However, this has been acknowledged in China only recently but with more urgency due to the tremendous population size and predicted growth; China will have 64 older people for every 100 workers by 2025. China presents what is, in effect, a different ageing trajectory from European countries, and has unique characteristics shaped by its distinct historical, cultural, economic and political contexts. Recent demographic changes and significant economic transformations have led China to move from a traditional familial dominated elder system of care in which older people are being cared for by the extended family structure, to one which seeks to be based on efficient and sustainable social care support. The importance of building up a long-term care system to adequately and sensitively serve the diverse needs of ageing individuals appears however, self-evident for both Europe and China. In both settings, there is a persistently increasing trend for older people to choose to live independently in their own home (ageing-in-place). In Europe, care provision is being shifted to accommodate this trend, though it is acknowledged that this shift will require investment for homes that provide for independent or semi-independent living and that in doing so, can meet the range of later life physical needs. However, it is probable that targeted investment in adaptation for improved levels of accessibility and in specialised and/or supported housing for older people to live independently for longer in their own homes can lead to substantial cost savings in associated health and long-term care.This research will attempt to contribute to the processes for meeting older people's needs in terms of these changes by exploring the relationships between living arrangement, living environment and the design of care delivery from technological, financial, political and social perspectives. Taking account of the factors that impact on the different ways in which older people in China, UK and France see care delivery, this proposal will build a common framework for the study of care delivery mechanisms and options available to older people that includes consideration of the role of cultural, socio-economic and welfare system dimensions. This will allow scenario building and in-depth comparative analyses among the three partner countries.The study will use a mixed-method design, combining data mining and in-depth analysis, robust measures of the quality of the built environment, together with a participative action research approach to generate the engagement of key stakeholders and a range of qualitative data. It has six work packages which will be conducted in parallel in the three partner countries. The research will provide comparative studies and a synthesis that will inform recommendations to benefit China and Europe. The study will help understand ageing-in-place in the three countries and will identify common features for integrated care under different policy and society circumstances. It will examine the potential of such models, their impact on improvement to the care of older people and finance implications. The involvement of academic and non-academic stakeholders will strengthen the methods, reach and impact of this research.