Moving to see: the benefits of self---motion for visual perception

看一看：自我运动对视觉感知的好处一个长期存在的问题是，大脑如何将照射到视网膜上的光模式转化为一个由物体和动画组成的有意义的世界，观察者可以与之互动。虽然在过去的几十年里，对大脑功能的理解已经取得了巨大的进步，但处理和提取视觉信息的基本原理仍然难以捉摸。这个项目建立在一个观察的基础上，即传统上以被动的方式研究知觉，相对较少地关注观察者在获取视觉信息期间的运动活动。然而，像其他物种一样，人类并不被动地接触到传入的感觉数据流。相反，他们通过协调感觉处理和运动活动来积极地寻找有用的信息。我们的激励假设是，自我运动是视觉感知的关键组成部分。被认为是一个简单的视觉几何问题，这一假设可能看起来与直觉相反。考虑到这是一个图像处理问题，它可能看起来有悖于直觉。考虑到几十年来关于大脑如何“补偿”自我运动的研究，这似乎也是违反直觉的。然而，从生物学的角度来看，这一假设是完全可信的，因为当观察者移动时，可以获得更多关于场景的信息。许多年前，生态心理学家就指出了这一点，最近在计算机视觉中也认识到了这一点--这导致了一种范式的变化。我们认为，自我运动产生的视觉、运动和本体感觉信息是视觉处理的基础。该项目汇集了来自荷兰(阿姆斯特丹VU大学的Brenner博士)、美国(波士顿大学的Rucci博士)和英国(加的夫大学的Rushton博士)的三个实验室，它们在分析人类不同类型的运动活动方面发展了关键的专业知识。我们将系统地研究人类观察者使用运动、本体感觉和全局视流信号来完成视觉任务的机制。阐明运动活动的知觉影响对于增进我们对视觉系统功能的了解至关重要。这种知识还可以潜在地指导物体和环境的设计，为建造能够复制人类视觉功能的机器提供信息，并可能为开发治疗通常与病理条件下异常运动活动有关的视觉障碍提供科学基础。

Moving to see: the benefits of self-motion for visual perception A long-standing question is how the brain transforms the light patterns impinging onto the retina into a meaningful world of objects and animates with which the observer can interact. While enormous progress has been made in the understanding of brain functions during the last few decades, the fundamental principles underlying the processing and extraction of visual information remain elusive. This project builds on the observation that perception has been traditionally studied in a passive manner, paying relatively little attention to the observer's motor activity during the acquisition of visual information. Yet, like other species, humans are not passively exposed to the incoming flow of sensory data. Instead, they actively seek useful information by coordinating sensory processing with motor activity. Our motivating hypothesis is that self-movement is a critical component of visual perception. Considered as a problem of simple visual geometry this hypothesis might appear counter-intuitive. Considered as an image-processing problem it might appear counter-intuitive. Considered against decades of work concerned with how the brain "compensates" for self-movement it might also appear counter-intuitive. However, this hypothesis is fully plausible from a biological perspective, because more information about the scene is available when the observer moves. This was pointed out many years ago by ecological psychologists and has more recently been recognised in computer vision - where it has caused a paradigm change. We argue that the visual, motor, and proprioceptive information generated by self-movement is fundamental to visual processingThe project brings together three laboratories from The Netherlands (Dr. Brenner at VU University in Amsterdam), the US (Dr. Rucci at Boston University), and the UK (Dr Rushton at Cardiff University), which have developed critical expertise on the analyses of different types of motor activities in humans. We will systematically investigate the mechanisms by which human observers use motor, proprioceptive and global optic flow signals to accomplish visual tasks. Elucidating the perceptual impact of motor activity is critical to advancing our knowledge of how the visual system functions. Such knowledge can also potentially guide the design of objects and environments, inform the building of machines capable of replicating human visual functions, and it may provide a scientific basis for the development of treatments of visual impairments commonly associated with abnormal motor activity in pathological conditions.