MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF PCBS & PCDFS AT A WASTE SITE

PCBS 的多学科研究

• 批准号: 3104489
• 负责人: DAVID Orlo CARPENTER
• 金额: $ 104.78万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-04-01 至 1992-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3104489
• 关键词: dioxins; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; halobiphenyl /halotriphenyl compound; polychlorodibenzofuran; waste disposal

This proposal is directed at the human health hazards from exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their virulently toxic impurities, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). It integrates a study of these chemicals in humans living near a dumpsite with studies in laboratory mammals and in a neurological model species, the marine gastropod Aplysia. New chemical analytical technology will be applied throughout to observe more than 100 common congeners of PCBs and PCDFs in human body fluids and animal tissue. It will also be used to monitor engineering-scale extraction and destruction of these compounds by super-critical fluid technology, ambient-temperature and thermophilic bacteria, and permeability studies of typical geological landfill materials. Nine projects are proposed: I) an epidemiologic study of a native American community living on a reservation (Akwesasne) adjacent to a Superfund- designated landfill contaminated with PCBs and PCDFs. Levels of contaminants in fish and wildlife consumed by pregnant and nursing mothers will be correlated with levels in body fluids, including breast milk, and with levels in urine and feces in infants; II) a study of pre- and postnatal exposure of rat pups to PCBs and PCDFs, correlating pregnancy outcomes, tests of development and alterations in brain neurochemistry with body burden; III) a morphologic study of livers from the animals in part II, with investigation using the Albany high voltage electron microscope to elucidate relative toxicity and ultrastructural changes associated with exposure; IV) a study of exposure of an invertebrate, Aplysia, to PCBs and PCDFs, correlating bioaccumulation with several measures of behavior, brain chemistry and brain physiology; V) a study of anaerobic biodegradation of PCBs in soils; VI) a study of anaerobic thermophilic digestion of PCBs; VII) a study of the effectiveness of supercritical extraction and supercritical oxidation to remove and/or destroy these contaminants; VIII) a study of the migration of these contaminants through the soils of Akwesasne; and IX) support of most of the above projects for analysis for PCBs, PCDFs and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), together with the development and validation of quantitation of these substances in urine and feces, particularly from infants' diapers, as a method of population screening. While this study is inspired by a particular population which traditionally has a greater dependence upon local flora and fauna than most, and a particular hazardous waste site which contaminates this region, the results should be are relevant to many populations and many sites.

该提案针对的是暴露于环境中的人类健康危害 多氯联苯（PCB）及其剧毒杂质， 多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDF）。 它综合了这些研究 实验室研究表明生活在垃圾场附近的人类体内的化学物质 哺乳动物和神经模型物种海洋腹足动物海兔。 新的化学分析技术将全程应用来观察 人体体液中 100 多种多氯联苯和多氯二苯并呋喃的常见同系物 动物组织。 它还将用于监测工程规模 超临界流体萃取和破坏这些化合物 技术、环境温度和嗜热细菌，以及 典型地质垃圾填埋材料的渗透性研究。 九 提议的项目： I) 对美国原住民的流行病学研究 居住在毗邻超级基金的保留地（Akwesasne）的社区 - 被多氯联苯和多氯二苯并呋喃污染的指定垃圾填埋场。 级别 孕妇和哺乳期母亲食用的鱼类和野生动物中的污染物 与体液（包括母乳）的水平相关，并且 婴儿尿液和粪便中的含量； II) 前期和后期的研究 幼鼠产后接触多氯联苯和多氯二苯并呋喃的情况与妊娠相关 大脑神经化学的结果、发育测试和改变 有身体负担； III) 对动物肝脏的形态学研究 第二部分，使用奥尔巴尼高压电子进行调查 显微镜阐明相对毒性和超微结构变化 与暴露有关； IV) 对无脊椎动物暴露的研究， 海兔与多氯联苯和多氯二苯并呋喃，将生物累积性与几种相关联 行为、脑化学和脑生理学的测量；五）研究 土壤中多氯联苯的厌氧生物降解； VI) 厌氧的研究 PCB 的高温消化； VII) 有效性研究 超临界萃取和超临界氧化以去除和/或 销毁这些污染物； VIII) 对这些物质迁移的研究 阿克维萨斯内土壤中的污染物； IX) 大多数人的支持 上述项目用于 PCB、PCDF 和多氯化物的分析 二苯并二恶英（PCDD），以及开发和验证 定量尿液和粪便中的这些物质，特别是来自 婴儿尿布，作为人群筛查的一种方法。 虽然这项研究 受到传统上拥有更大影响力的特定人群的启发 对当地动植物的依赖程度超过大多数人，并且 污染该地区的危险废物场，结果应为 与许多人群和许多地点相关。