ADEPT: developing the ecosystem approach to drive positive urban transformations in the context of intersecting vulnerabilities

《联合国生物多样性公约》提倡使用生态系统方法（EA）来支持生态系统服务和效益（ESB）的交付，作为环境质量的动态概念化。它被宣传为能够更容易地将环境商品和服务纳入经济进程和政策。然而，许多研究人员认为，环境评估是“正在形成的科学”，新兴的政策举措忽视了不确定的科学基础和社会经济分工带来的复杂性。其中包括性别分工和不平等，但这些主题在ESB的讨论中基本上缺席。虽然女权主义作家（和其他人）建议谨慎采用EA，但ADEPT试图探索这种方法是否以及如何有助于促进女性和男性的福祉。虽然环境正义学者长期以来一直认为，社会经济困难和环境好坏的分配是相互关联的，但最近交叉理论的应用表明，被排除在机会之外的实际经验总是与其他划分相互交织，例如基于种族、社会阶层、残疾状况、性别、年龄和地理位置的划分。因此，需要以综合方式处理环境和社会经济脆弱性问题。要做到这一点，EA需要首先解决二元排斥;首先，需要强调ESB框架环境质量的方式，通常为专家解释环境质量如何体验提供更强的代表性。其次，需要了解交叉漏洞如何影响对一系列ESB的访问（重点是与城市蓝绿色空间有关的项目，如清洁水、防洪减灾和娱乐机会）。目前研究的重点是贝洛奥里藏特（波黑）的一个主要城市分区项目，该项目涵盖了从密集的低收入城区到富裕的封闭街区的一系列土地使用类型，保护区、商业区和工业区。这提供了一个理想的案例研究领域，在其中试验和扩大对当地城市环境中性别脆弱性的理解。拟开展的研究将涉及确定社会经济和环境脆弱性和相互作用区，探索城市环境服务业的不同经验，并确定这些经验作为城市转型中支持减贫的一种手段的潜力。从BH的结果也将讨论在圣保罗（SP）的背景下，通过从SP目前参与当地社区参与项目，涉及城市水管理政策的重建的实地研究人员的参与。研究合作围绕四个国际研究研讨会系列组织。一个在线研究社区将支持对新的和现有的数据集进行合并和调查，并支持开发城市脆弱性的基础过程的新证据，形成任何复原力解决方案都需要在其中得出的背景。

The UN Convention on Biological Diversity promotes using an ecosystems approach (EA) to support the delivery of ecosystem services and benefits (ESB) as a dynamic conceptualisation of environmental quality. It is promoted as enabling an easier integration of environmental goods and services into economic processes and policies. However, many researchers suggest that an EA is 'science in the making' and emerging policy initiatives overlook complexities that stem from both uncertain scientific underpinnings and socio-economic divisions. These include gender divisions and inequalities, yet these topics are largely absent from ESB discussions. While feminist writers (and others) suggest caution with adopting an EA, ADEPT seeks to explore if and how the approach could be useful for promoting wellbeing for women and men. While environmental justice scholars have long suggested that socio-economic hardship and the distribution of environmental goods and bads are correlated, recent applications of intersectional theory suggest that practical experiences of exclusion from opportunity always intermesh with other divisions such as those based on race, social class, disability status, sexuality, age and geographical location. There is then a need to address environmental and socio-economic vulnerability in an integrated manner. To do so an EA needs to first address a binary exclusion; firstly, there is a need to highlight ways in which ESB frame environmental quality, often affording stronger representation to expert interpretation of how environmental quality is experienced. Secondly, there is need to understand how intersecting vulnerabilities influence access to a range of ESB (with a focus on those linked to urban blue-green space e.g. clean water, flood mitigation and recreational opportunities).The focus of the current research will be a major urban zoning project in Belo Horizonte (BH), which covers a range of land-use types from dense low-income urban districts to rich gated neighbourhoods, protected areas, commercial and industrial districts. This provides an ideal case study area in which to trial and extend understandings of gendered vulnerability to environmental change within local urban contexts. Research to be undertaken will involve identifying socio-economic and environmental vulnerabilities and zones of interaction, exploration of differential experiences of urban ESB and scoping the potential of these as a means to support poverty alleviation in urban transformations. Results from BH will also be discussed within a Sao Paulo (SP) context, through the involvement of field researchers from SP currently involved in a local community engagement project involving the redevelopment of urban water management policies. The research collaboration is organised around a series of four international research workshops. An online research community will support the combination and interrogation of both new and existing data sets and development of new evidence of the processes which underpin urban vulnerability, forming the context within which any resilience solutions would need to be derived.