Urban Coastal Transformations: Promoting transnational policy development in the governance of environmental quality and crime reduction

城市沿海转型：促进环境质量治理和减少犯罪方面的跨国政策制定

• 批准号: ES/N000021/1
• 负责人: David Botterill
• 金额: $ 5.07万
• 依托单位: Oxford Brookes University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN000021%2F1
• 关键词: Urban; Coastal; Transformations; Promoting; transnational

Urban settlements on the coast present a complex and dynamic set of physical, social and economic issues for policy makers concerned with environmental quality and crime reduction. During 2015, the research partnership members will conduct a comparative scoping study of best practice in the governance of environmental quality and crime reduction in urban coastal communities located in the North Coast region of São Paulo State and in South Wales, UK. This will enable the Brazilian and UK partners to study specific issues, policy contexts and policy communities of both countries in respect of environmental quality and crime reduction and identify priority research topics. In both case study areas there has been rapid and significant change in economic activity leading to a convergence of urban transformation problems that are similar in nature, but are different in magnitude. From the mid-20th century, both locales have seen a rapid decline of previously thriving maritime ports serving traditional, local, production in agriculture and fishing (North Coast) and coal and steel (South Wales). Consequently, the economic base of both locations has shifted towards a combination of developments in the energy industry alongside a transition from a production to a consumption and service industries-based economy. Central to the service economy, in both UK and Brazilian locales, is an increasing dependency on tourism and leisure, and a consequent growth in the creation of new tourism spaces.Admittedly, the pace of socio-economic change is much more marked on the coast of São Paulo State than in South Wales, but the economic and social dynamics are similar in both locales. Legislation to protect the environment is enforced by the activities of a range of state agencies, private sector security agents, and voluntary groups that support the state and federal police. The complexities of such "plural policing" in both the built and rural environments, in and around urban communities, require a sophisticated and robust governance response. The governance model in respect of environmental quality in Wales offers Brazil a distinctive UK comparator. Natural Resources Wales is unique in the UK as it offers a single agency approach that seeks to manage air, land and water sustainably. In respect of crime reduction, the risk-based 'preventative turn' in criminal justice and policing has been a policy influence in attempts to reduce crime and to create safe communities in both locales. In South Wales there are mature structures of governance concerned with crime prevention and reduction. In Brazil comparator agencies include the Brazilian Institute of Environment and renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), which formulates, coordinates, supervises, manages, promotes and enforces the preservation and conservation of natural resources.

对于关心环境质量和减少犯罪的政策制定者来说，沿海城市住区带来了一系列复杂且动态的自然、社会和经济问题。 2015年，研究伙伴关系成员将对圣保罗州北海岸地区和英国南威尔士的城市沿海社区环境质量治理和减少犯罪方面的最佳实践进行比较范围研究。这将使巴西和英国合作伙伴能够研究两国在环境质量和减少犯罪方面的具体问题、政策背景和政策群体，并确定优先研究主题。在这两个案例研究领域，经济活动发生了迅速而重大的变化，导致了性质相似但程度不同的城市转型问题的融合。从 20 世纪中叶开始，这两个地区的先前繁荣的海港迅速衰落，这些海港为传统的当地农业和渔业（北海岸）以及煤炭和钢铁（南威尔士）生产提供服务。因此，这两个地区的经济基础已转向能源工业发展的结合，同时从生产型经济向消费和服务业型经济转型。在英国和巴西，服务经济的核心是对旅游和休闲的日益依赖，以及随之而来的新旅游空间创建的增长。诚然，圣保罗州海岸的社会经济变革步伐比南威尔士要明显得多，但两个地区的经济和社会动态相似。保护环境的立法是通过一系列国家机构、私营部门安全机构以及支持州和联邦警察的志愿团体的活动来执行的。这种“多元治安”在建筑环境和农村环境以及城市社区内部和周围的复杂性需要复杂而强有力的治理响应。威尔士在环境质量方面的治理模式为巴西提供了一个独特的英国可比对象。威尔士自然资源局在英国是独一无二的，因为它提供单一机构方法，寻求可持续管理空气、土地和水。在减少犯罪方面，刑事司法和警务中基于风险的“预防性转变”一直对减少犯罪和在两个地区创建安全社区的努力产生政策影响。南威尔士拥有与预防和减少犯罪有关的成熟治理结构。在巴西，对照机构包括巴西环境和可再生自然资源研究所 (IBAMA)，该机构负责制定、协调、监督、管理、促进和加强自然资源的保护和保护。