Trajectories of displacement: A multi-disciplinary exploration into return and social repair after mass displacement in northern Uganda

流离失所的轨迹：乌干达北部大规模流离失所后回归和社会修复的多学科探索

• 批准号: ES/P004911/1
• 负责人: Tim Allen
• 金额: $ 30.87万
• 依托单位: London School of Economics and Political Science
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FP004911%2F1
• 关键词: Trajectories; displacement; multi; disciplinary; exploration

Northern Uganda experienced one of the world's most notorious instances of forced displacement during and immediately after the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) insurgency, which started around 1986 and ended on Ugandan soil in 2006. Northern Ugandan displacement was notable for its duration - in some areas for well over a decade; and for the fact that it involved the entire rural populations of the affected areas from around 2002, including all of rural Acholiland - around one million people - with a further eight hundred thousand from neighbouring communities. For the first 16 years of the conflict there was virtually no humanitarian assistance to the affected population, which only began in earnest after 2003. However for the following ten years, while the population was displaced and later, from 2007, returning to and re-establishing their homes, large amounts of international funding were spent. Aid was deployed on physical infrastructure, support for state security, education and health services, disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) programmes, peacebuilding and transitional justice initiatives, and agricultural and other livelihoods development. Northern Uganda's was a model international intervention. There was a humanitarian phase during and immediately after the conflict, a transition phase during the return and resettlement phase, followed by development interventions to enable the war affected population to regain some of the lost ground caused by displacement and war, to help them attain the same level of development as the rest of the country. Compared to many conflict and post-conflict environments, northern Uganda's was straightforward. The security, political and logistical challenges were all manageable and the LRA conflict was of a sufficiently high public profile that funds provided by governments and international institutions were substantial. The intervention in northern Uganda was, it is reasonable to assume, done as well as these things can be done.However there has been little attempt to learn from the Ugandan experience. This research aims to correct this deficiency through understanding displacement and return through the perceptions and understandings of the people concerned. The outcome will be a series of studies that together evaluate not so much specific interventions but the lived experience of cumulative interventions in different sectors. It will look at communities' understandings of their own coping strategies and resilience; of the current state of their social capital and civil society as they interpret the notions and what has helped and hindered in the post-conflict recovery period; and of how ten years of international aid interventions, largely 'off the shelf' but sometimes attempting something more targeted, have affected their lives. In this sense the project will address humanitarian-development impunity, which is fostered by neglect - perhaps active rejection - of learning opportunities, as has been seen so far in northern Uganda. We aim to create a model for community-centred post-intervention evaluation across sectors. The research team are soon to conclude work on the Justice and Security Research Programme, which has been filling a massive knowledge gap on the experiences of ordinary people around security in Central Africa, and what are the public authorities - in practice very often not the state - which provide security services. The forced displacement programme will build on this model and this experience, seeking to understand displacement and return through the lived realities of affected people, in the process challenging the comfortable assumptions of the development industry. We predict that interventions in different sectors will emerge as positively and negatively experienced by populations in terms of their long-term outcomes, and that this learning will be disseminated in ways that can influence interventions in other post conflict settings.

乌干达北部经历了世界上最臭名昭著的被迫流离失所事件之一，在上帝抵抗军（LRA）叛乱期间和之后不久，这场叛乱始于1986年左右，于2006年在乌干达境内结束。乌干达北部流离失所的时间很长，有些地区长达十多年；而且它涉及了2002年左右受影响地区的整个农村人口，包括所有的农村人口——大约100万人——以及来自邻近社区的另外80万人。在冲突的前16年里，几乎没有对受影响人口的人道主义援助，这种援助在2003年之后才真正开始。然而，在接下来的十年里，随着人们流离失所，后来，从2007年开始，返回并重建家园，大量的国际资金被花费。援助用于物质基础设施、支持国家安全、教育和保健服务、解除武装、复员和重返社会方案、建设和平和过渡司法倡议以及农业和其他生计发展。北乌干达的军事干预是国际干预的典范。在冲突期间和冲突之后有一个人道主义阶段，在返回和重新安置阶段有一个过渡阶段，然后是发展干预，使受战争影响的人口能够收复一些因流离失所和战争而失去的土地，帮助他们达到与该国其他地区相同的发展水平。与许多冲突和冲突后的环境相比，乌干达北部的环境直截了当。安全、政治和后勤方面的挑战都是可控的，上帝抵抗军的冲突引起了公众的高度关注，因此各国政府和国际机构提供了大量资金。我们有理由认为，对乌干达北部的干预已经做到了力所能及的程度。然而，几乎没有人试图从乌干达的经验中吸取教训。本研究旨在通过对相关人群的认知和理解来理解流离失所和回归，从而纠正这一缺陷。结果将是一系列研究，这些研究共同评估的不是具体的干预措施，而是不同部门累积干预措施的实际经验。它将考察社区对自身应对策略和复原力的理解；他们的社会资本和民间社会的现状，以及他们对这些概念的理解，以及在冲突后的恢复阶段，是什么帮助了他们，又是什么阻碍了他们；以及十年来的国际援助干预，大部分是“现成的”，但有时会尝试更有针对性的东西，如何影响了他们的生活。从这个意义上讲，该项目将解决由于忽视- -也许是积极拒绝- -学习机会而造成的人道主义发展不受惩罚的问题，乌干达北部迄今已出现这种情况。我们的目标是创建一个以社区为中心的跨部门干预后评估模式。研究小组很快将完成司法和安全研究方案的工作，该方案一直在填补关于中非普通民众在安全方面的经验以及提供安全服务的公共当局- -实际上往往不是国家- -的巨大知识空白。被迫流离失所方案将以这一模式和这一经验为基础，力求通过受影响人民的生活现实了解流离失所和返回，在此过程中挑战发展工业的舒适假设。我们预测，就长期结果而言，不同部门的干预措施将以人民所经历的积极和消极的方式出现，并且这种学习将以能够影响其他冲突后环境中的干预措施的方式传播。

项目成果

What Happened to Children Who Returned from the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda?

• DOI: 10.1093/jrs/fez116
• 发表时间: 2020-12-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF REFUGEE STUDIES
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Allen, Tim;Atingo, Jackline;Parker, Melissa
• 通讯作者: Parker, Melissa

The Acholi of Uganda

乌干达的阿乔利人

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Girling Frank Knowles

"In the interests of justice?" The International Criminal Court, peace talks and the failed quest for war crimes accountability in northern Uganda

“为了正义？”

• DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2017.1379702
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of Eastern African Studies
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: Macdonald A

'Somehow This Whole Process Became so Artificial': Exploring the Transitional Justice Implementation Gap in Uganda

“不知何故，整个过程变得如此人为”：探索乌干达过渡时期司法实施差距

• DOI: 10.1093/ijtj/ijz011
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: International Journal of Transitional Justice
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Macdonald A

Humanitarianism - A Dictionary of Concepts

人道主义——概念词典

• DOI: 10.4324/9780203486863-14
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Macdonald A